Last data update: Jun 11, 2024. (Total: 46992 publications since 2009)
Records 1-4 (of 4 Records) |
Query Trace: Kyaw MH [original query] |
---|
The relative invasive disease potential of Streptococcus pneumoniae among children after PCV introduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Balsells E , Dagan R , Yildirim I , Gounder PP , Steens A , Munoz-Almagro C , Mameli C , Kandasamy R , Lavi NG , Daprai L , van der Ende A , Trzcinski K , Nzenze S , Meiring S , Foster D , Bulkow LR , Rudolph K , Valero-Rello A , Ducker S , Vestrheim DF , von Gottberg A , Pelton SI , Zuccotti G , Pollard AJ , Sanders EAM , Campbell H , Madhi SA , Nair H , Kyaw MH . J Infect 2018 77 (5) 368-378 OBJECTIVES: Burden of pneumococcal disease depends on the prevalence and invasive disease potential of serotypes. We aimed to estimate the invasive disease potential of serotypes in children under 5 years of age by combining data from different settings with routine immunisation with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV). METHODS: We conducted a systematic review, supplemented by unpublished data, to identify data on the frequency of pneumococcal serotypes in carriage and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We estimated the invasive disease potential of serotypes as the ratio of IPD in relation to carriage (odds ratio and 95%CI) compared with 19A (reference serotype) by meta-analysis. We report results based on a random effects model for children aged 0-23, 24-29, and 0-59 months and by invasive clinical syndromes. RESULTS: In comparison with 19A, serotypes 1, 7F, and 12F had a significantly higher invasive disease potential in children aged 0-23 and 0-59 months for all IPD and clinical syndromes (OR>5). Several non-vaccine types (NVTs) (6C, 15A, 15BC, 16F, 23B, in these two age groups) had a lower invasive disease potential than 19A (OR 0*1-0*3). NVTs 8, 12F, 24F, and 33F were at the upper end of the invasiveness spectrum. CONCLUSIONS: There is substantial variation among pneumococcal serotypes in their potential to cause IPD and disease presentation, which is influenced by age and time after PCV introduction. Surveillance of IPD and carriage is critical to understand the expected effectiveness of current PCVs (in the longer term) and guide the development of future vaccines. |
Mumps antibody levels among students before a mumps outbreak: in search of a correlate of immunity
Cortese MM , Barskey AE , Tegtmeier GE , Zhang C , Ngo L , Kyaw MH , Baughman AL , Menitove JE , Hickman CJ , Bellini WJ , Dayan GH , Hansen GR , Rubin S . J Infect Dis 2011 204 (9) 1413-22 BACKGROUND: In 2006, a mumps outbreak occurred on a university campus despite ≥ 95% coverage of students with 2 doses of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Using plasma samples from a blood drive held on campus before identification of mumps cases, we compared vaccine-induced preoutbreak mumps antibody levels between individuals who developed mumps (case patients) and those who did not develop mumps (nonpatients). METHODS: Preoutbreak samples were available from 11 case patients, 22 nonpatients who reported mumps exposure but no mumps symptoms, and 103 nonpatients who reported no known exposure and no symptoms. Antibody titers were measured by plaque reduction neutralization assay using Jeryl Lynn vaccine virus and the outbreak virus Iowa-G/USA-06 and by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). RESULTS: Preoutbreak Jeryl Lynn virus neutralization titers were significantly lower among case patients than unexposed nonpatients (P = .023), and EIA results were significantly lower among case patients than exposed nonpatients (P = .007) and unexposed nonpatients (P = .009). Proportionately more case patients than exposed nonpatients had a preoutbreak anti-Jeryl Lynn titer < 31 (64% vs 27%, respectively; P = .065), an anti-Iowa-G/USA-06 titer < 8 (55% vs 14%; P = .033), and EIA index standard ratio < 1.40 (64% vs 9%; P = .002) and < 1.71 (73% vs 14%, P = .001). DISCUSSION: Case patients generally had lower preoutbreak mumps antibody levels than nonpatients. However, titers overlapped and no cutoff points separated all mumps case patients from all nonpatients. |
Guidance for isolation precautions for mumps in the United States: a review of the scientific basis for policy change
Kutty PK , Kyaw MH , Dayan GH , Brady MT , Bocchini JA , Reef SE , Bellini WJ , Seward JF . Clin Infect Dis 2010 50 (12) 1619-28 The 2006 mumps resurgence in the United States raised questions about the appropriate isolation period for people with mumps. To determine the scientific basis for isolation recommendations, we conducted a literature review and considered isolation of virus and virus load in saliva and respiratory secretions as factors that were related to mumps transmission risk. Although mumps virus has been isolated from 7 days before through 8 days after parotitis onset, the highest percentage of positive isolations and the highest virus loads occur closest to parotitis onset and decrease rapidly thereafter. Most transmission likely occurs before and within 5 days of parotitis onset. Transmission can occur during the prodromal phase and with subclinical infections. Updated guidance, released in 2007-2008, changed the mumps isolation period from 9 to 5 days. It is now recommended that mumps patients be isolated and standard and droplet precautions be followed for 5 days after parotitis onset. |
Long-term persistence of mumps antibody after receipt of 2 measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccinations and antibody response after a third MMR vaccination among a university population
Date AA , Kyaw MH , Rue AM , Klahn J , Obrecht L , Krohn T , Rowland J , Rubin S , Safranek TJ , Bellini WJ , Dayan GH . J Infect Dis 2008 197 (12) 1662-8 BACKGROUND: High attack rates among vaccinated young adults reported during the 2006 mumps outbreak in the United States heightened concerns regarding mumps vaccine failure. METHODS: Serum specimens from university students and staff were tested for mumps immunoglobulin (Ig) G by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). A subset of participants vaccinated for < or =5 years and > or =15 years were tested by neutralizing antibody (NA) assay. Persons seronegative by EIA were offered a third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR3), and serum specimens were obtained 7-10 days and 2-3 months after its administration. RESULTS: Overall, 94% (95% confidence interval [CI], 91%-96%) of the 440 participants were seropositive. No differences existed in seropositivity rates by sex, age, age at receipt of the second dose of MMR vaccine (MMR2), or time since receipt of MMR2 (P = .568). The geometric mean titer (GMT) of NA among persons vaccinated with MMR2 during the previous 1-5 years was 97 (95% CI, 64-148), whereas, among those vaccinated > or =15 years before blood collection, the GMT was 58 (95% CI, 44-76) (P = .065). After MMR3, 82% (14/17) and 91% (10/11) seroconverted in 7-10 days and 2-3 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Lower levels of NA observed among persons who received MMR2 > or =15 years ago demonstrates antibody decay over time. MMR3 vaccination of most seronegative persons marked the capacity to mount an anamnestic response. |
- Page last reviewed:Feb 1, 2024
- Page last updated:Jun 11, 2024
- Content source:
- Powered by CDC PHGKB Infrastructure