Last data update: Jun 24, 2024. (Total: 47078 publications since 2009)
Records 1-6 (of 6 Records) |
Query Trace: Kidd SE [original query] |
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Trade-offs of different poliovirus vaccine options for outbreak response in the United States and other countries that only use inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in routine immunization
Thompson KM , Kalkowska DA , Kidd SE , Burns CC , Badizadegan K . Vaccine 2024 Delays in achieving polio eradication have led to ongoing risks of poliovirus importations that may cause outbreaks in polio-free countries. Because of the low, but non-zero risk of paralysis with oral poliovirus vaccines (OPVs), countries that achieve and maintain high national routine immunization coverage have increasingly shifted to exclusive use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) for all preventive immunizations. However, immunization coverage within countries varies, with under-vaccinated subpopulations potentially able to sustain transmission of imported polioviruses and experience local outbreaks. Due to its cost, ease-of-use, and ability to induce mucosal immunity, using OPV as an outbreak control measure offers a more cost-effective option in countries in which OPV remains in use. However, recent polio outbreaks in IPV-only countries raise questions about whether and when IPV use for outbreak response may fail to stop poliovirus transmission and what consequences may follow from using OPV for outbreak response in these countries. We systematically reviewed the literature to identify modeling studies that explored the use of IPV for outbreak response in IPV-only countries. In addition, applying a model of the 2022 type 2 poliovirus outbreak in New York, we characterized the implications of using different OPV formulations for outbreak response instead of IPV. We also explored the hypothetical scenario of the same outbreak except for type 1 poliovirus instead of type 2. We find that using IPV for outbreak response will likely only stop outbreaks for polioviruses of relatively low transmission potential in countries with very high overall immunization coverage, seasonal transmission dynamics, and only if IPV immunization interventions reach some unvaccinated individuals. Using OPV for outbreak response in IPV-only countries poses substantial risks and challenges that require careful consideration, but may represent an option to consider for some outbreaks in some populations depending on the properties of the available vaccines and coverage attainable. |
Increased methamphetamine, injection drug, and heroin use among women and heterosexual men with primary and secondary syphilis - United States, 2013-2017
Kidd SE , Grey JA , Torrone EA , Weinstock HS . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019 68 (6) 144-148 During 2013-2017, the national annual rate of reported primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis cases in the United States increased 72.7%, from 5.5 to 9.5 cases per 100,000 population (1). The highest rates of P&S syphilis are seen among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (collectively referred to as MSM) (2), and MSM continued to account for the majority of cases in 2017 (1). However, during 2013-2017, the P&S syphilis rate among women increased 155.6% (from 0.9 to 2.3 cases per 100,000 women), and the rate among all men increased 65.7% (from 10.2 to 16.9 cases per 100,000 men), indicating increasing transmission between men and women in addition to increasing transmission between men (1). To further understand these trends, CDC analyzed national P&S syphilis surveillance data for 2013-2017 and assessed the percentage of cases among women, men who have sex with women only (MSW), and MSM who reported drug-related risk behaviors during the past 12 months. Among women and MSW with P&S syphilis, reported use of methamphetamine, injection drugs, and heroin more than doubled during 2013-2017. In 2017, 16.6% of women with P&S syphilis used methamphetamine, 10.5% used injection drugs, and 5.8% used heroin during the preceding 12 months. Similar trends were seen among MSW, but not among MSM. These findings indicate that a substantial percentage of heterosexual syphilis transmission is occurring among persons who use these drugs, particularly methamphetamine. Collaboration between sexually transmitted disease (STD) control programs and partners that provide substance use disorder services will be important to address recent increases in heterosexual syphilis. |
Increasing syphilis diagnoses among females giving birth in US hospitals, 2010-2014
Aslam MV , Owusu-Edusei K , Kidd SE , Torrone EA , Dietz PM . Sex Transm Dis 2018 46 (3) 147-152 BACKGROUND: National trends in syphilis rates among females delivering newborns are not well characterized. We assessed 2010-2014 trends in syphilis diagnoses documented on discharge records and associated factors among females who have given birth in US hospitals. METHODS: We calculated quarterly trends in syphilis rates (per 100,000 deliveries) by using ICD-9 codes on delivery discharge records from the National Inpatient Sample. Changes in trends were determined by using Joinpoint software. We estimated relative risks (RR) to assess the association of syphilis diagnoses with race/ethnicity, age, insurance status, household income, and census region. RESULTS: Overall, estimated syphilis rates decreased during 2010-2012 at 1.0% per quarter (P < .001) and increased afterwards at 1.8% (P < .001). The syphilis rate increase was statistically significant across all sociodemographic groups and all US regions, with substantial increases identified among whites (35.2% per quarter; P < .001) and Medicaid recipients (15.1%; P < .001). In 2014, the risk of syphilis diagnosis was greater among blacks (RR, 13.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.46-17.92) or Hispanics (RR, 4.53; 95% CI, 3.19-6.42), compared with whites; Medicaid recipients (RR, 4.63; 95% CI, 3.38-6.33) or uninsured persons (RR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.74-4.63), compared with privately insured patients; females with the lowest household income (RR, 5.32; 95% CI, 3.55-7.97), compared with the highest income; and females in the South (RR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.66-3.53), compared with the West. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing syphilis rates among pregnant females of all backgrounds reinforce the importance of prenatal screening and treatment. |
Trends in deaths due to syphilis, United States, 1968-2015
Peterman TA , Kidd SE . Sex Transm Dis 2018 46 (1) 37-40 BACKGROUND: Before penicillin, the syphilis case-fatality rate was 10% within 40 years. Late complications, such as cardiovascular syphilis, were still common in the 1950s but now seem quite rare even though some infections likely go undetected. We studied trends in syphilis mortality as an indicator of trends in severe complications of syphilis. METHODS: We assessed underlying cause of death from U.S. death certificates for 1968-2015. We examined death trends by type of syphilis (cardiovascular, neuro, congenital, other). We compared trends in deaths to trends in primary and secondary syphilis from national STD surveillance data. RESULTS: During 1968-2015 there were 6,498 deaths attributed to syphilis; 4,149 males and 2,349 females. Annual syphilis deaths decreased from 586 in 1968 to 94 in 1984, then leveled off to between 24-46 since 1998. Between 1968 and 2015, the decrease in annual cardiovascular syphilis deaths (from 338 to 3) exceeded the decrease in annual neurosyphilis deaths (from 191 to 33). Congenital syphilis deaths (which do not include stillbirths) generally decreased from 28 to 2 per year. An increase in primary and secondary syphilis among women in the late 1980s was accompanied by a 4-fold increase in congenital syphilis deaths (from 9 in 1986 to 35 in 1990) but there was no subsequent increase in syphilis deaths among women. CONCLUSION: Adults now rarely die from syphilis. Increases in infections in the late 1980s did not lead to an increase in adult syphilis deaths. Congenital syphilis deaths still increase when syphilis increases among women. |
Rates of primary and secondary syphilis among white and black non-Hispanic men who have sex with men, US states, 2014
Grey JA , Bernstein KT , Sullivan PS , Kidd SE , Gift TL , Hall EW , Hankin-Wei A , Weinstock HS , Rosenberg ES . J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2017 76 (3) e65-e73 BACKGROUND: Men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States experience an approximately 100-fold greater rate of primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis diagnoses compared to men who have sex with women only. As in the general population, racial/ethnic disparities in P&S syphilis diagnosis rates may exist among MSM, but MSM-specific P&S syphilis rates by race/ethnicity are unavailable. We enhanced a published modeling approach to estimate area-level MSM populations by race/ethnicity and provide the first estimates of P&S syphilis among black and white non-Hispanic MSM. METHODS: We used data from the American Community Survey (ACS), published findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and national syphilis surveillance data to estimate state-level rates of P&S syphilis diagnoses among MSM, overall and for black and white non-Hispanic MSM. We also used variability around ACS and NHANES estimates to calculate 95% confidence intervals for each rate. RESULTS: Among 11,359 cases of P&S syphilis among MSM with known race/ethnicity in 2014, 72.5% were among white (40.3%) or black (32.2%) MSM. The national rate of P&S syphilis diagnosis was 168.4/100,000 for white MSM and 583.9/100,000 for black MSM. Regional rates for black MSM ranged from 602.0/100,000 (South) to 521.5/100,000 (Midwest) and were consistently higher than those for white MSM. CONCLUSIONS: Although white MSM accounted for the majority of P&S syphilis diagnoses in 2014, when evaluating diagnoses based on rate per 100,000, black MSM had consistently and markedly higher rates than white MSM, with the highest-impacted states located in the US South. |
Multicenter study of epidemiological cutoff values and detection of resistance in Candida spp. to anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin using the Sensititre Yeast One colorimetric method
Espinel-Ingroff A , Alvarez-Fernandez M , Canton E , Carver PL , Chen SC , Eschenauer G , Getsinger DL , Gonzalez GM , Govender NP , Grancini A , Hanson KE , Kidd SE , Klinker K , Kubin CJ , Kus JV , Lockhart SR , Meletiadis J , Morris AJ , Pelaez T , Quindos G , Rodriguez-Iglesias M , Sanchez-Reus F , Shoham S , Wengenack NL , Borrell Sole N , Echeverria J , Esperalba J , Gomez Gde la Pedrosa E , Garcia Garcia I , Linares MJ , Marco F , Merino P , Peman J , Perez Del Molino L , Rosello Mayans E , Rubio Calvo C , Ruiz Perez de Pipaon M , Yague G , Garcia-Effron G , Guinea J , Perlin DS , Sanguinetti M , Shields R , Turnidge J . Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015 59 (11) 6725-32 Neither breakpoints (BPs) nor epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) have been established for Candida spp. with anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin when using the Sensititre YeastOne (SYO) broth dilution colorimetric method. In addition, reference caspofungin MICs have so far proven to be unreliable. Candida species wild-type (WT) MIC distributions (for microorganisms in a species/drug combination with no detectable phenotypic resistance) were established for 6,007 Candida albicans, 186 C. dubliniensis, 3,188 C. glabrata complex, 119 C. guilliermondii, 493 C. krusei, 205 C. lusitaniae, 3,136 C. parapsilosis complex, and 1,016 C. tropicalis isolates. SYO MIC data gathered from 38 laboratories in Australia, Canada, Europe, Mexico, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States were pooled to statistically define SYO ECVs. ECVs for anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin encompassing ≥97.5% of the statistically modeled population were, respectively, 0.12, 0.25, and 0.06 mug/ml for C. albicans, 0.12, 0.25, and 0.03 mug/ml for C. glabrata complex, 4, 2, and 4 mug/ml for C. parapsilosis complex, 0.5, 0.25, and 0.06 mug/ml for C. tropicalis, 0.25, 1, and 0.25 mug/ml for C. krusei, 0.25, 1, and 0.12 mug/ml for C. lusitaniae, 4, 2, and 2 mug/ml for C. guilliermondii, and 0.25, 0.25, and 0.12 mug/ml for C. dubliniensis. Species-specific SYO ECVs for anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin correctly classified 72 (88.9%), 74 (91.4%), 76 (93.8%), respectively, of 81 Candida isolates with identified fks mutations. SYO ECVs may aid in detecting non-WT isolates with reduced susceptibility to anidulafungin, micafungin, and especially caspofungin, since testing the susceptibilities of Candida spp. to caspofungin by reference methodologies is not recommended. |
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