Last data update: Oct 28, 2024. (Total: 48004 publications since 2009)
Records 1-3 (of 3 Records) |
Query Trace: Kerzner M[original query] |
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CDC Program Evaluation Framework, 2024
Kidder DP , Fierro LA , Luna E , Salvaggio H , McWhorter A , Bowen SA , Murphy-Hoefer R , Thigpen S , Alexander D , Armstead TL , August E , Bruce D , Clarke SN , Davis C , Downes A , Gill S , House LD , Kerzner M , Kun K , Mumford K , Robin L , Schlueter D , Schooley M , Valverde E , Vo L , Williams D , Young K . MMWR Recomm Rep 2024 73 (6) 1-37 Program evaluation is a critical tool for understanding and improving organizational activities and systems. This report updates the 1999 CDC Framework for Program Evaluation in Public Health (CDC. Framework for program evaluation in public health. MMWR Recomm Rep 1999;48[No. RR-11];1-40) by integrating major advancements in the fields of evaluation and public health, lessons learned from practical applications of the original framework, and current Federal agency policies and practices. A practical, nonprescriptive tool, the updated 2024 framework is designed to summarize and organize essential elements of program evaluation, and can be applied at any level from individual programs to broader systems by novices and experts for planning and implementing an evaluation. Although many of the key aspects from the 1999 framework remain, certain key differences exist. For example, this updated framework also includes six steps that describe the general process of evaluation planning and implementation, but some content and step names have changed (e.g., the first step has been renamed Assess context). The standards for high-quality evaluation remain central to the framework, although they have been updated to the five Federal evaluation standards. The most substantial change from the 1999 framework is the addition of three cross-cutting actions that are core tenets to incorporate within each evaluation step: engage collaboratively, advance equity, and learn from and use insights. The 2024 framework provides a guide for designing and conducting evaluation across many topics within and outside of public health that anyone involved in program evaluation efforts can use alone or in conjunction with other evaluation approaches, tools, or methods to build evidence, understand programs, and refine evidence-based decision-making to improve all program outcomes. |
Public health implications of adapting HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis programs for virtual service delivery in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review.
Patel P , Kerzner M , Reed JB , Sullivan P , El-Sadr WM . JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022 8 (6) e37479 BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) threatens to disrupt global progress towards HIV epidemic control. Opportunities exist to leverage ongoing public health responses to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on HIV services, and novel approaches to care provision might help address both epidemics. OBJECTIVE: As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, novel approaches to maintain comprehensive HIV prevention service delivery are needed. We describe adaptations that could address potential COVID-19-related service interruptions. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and searched six databases: OVID/Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsychInfo, and Embase for studies published between January 1, 2010, and October 26, 2021 for recent technology-based interventions for virtual service delivery. Search terms included "telemedicine, telehealth, mobile health, ehealth, mhealth, telecommunication, social media, mobile device, internet" among others. Of the 6,685 abstracts identified, 1,254 focused on HIV virtual service delivery and of those, 120 were relevant for HIV prevention efforts; 48 were pertaining to PrEP and 19 of these focused on evaluations of interventions for virtual service delivery of PrEP. Of the 16 systematic reviews identified, three were specific to PrEP. All 35 papers were reviewed for outcomes of efficacy, feasibility, and/or acceptability. Limitations included heterogeneity of the studies' methodological approaches and outcomes; thus, a meta-analysis was not conducted. We considered the evidence-based interventions found in our review and developed a virtual service delivery model for HIV prevention interventions. We also considered how this platform could be leveraged for COVID-19 prevention and care. RESULTS: We summarize 19 studies of virtual service delivery of PrEP and 16 relevant reviews. Examples of technology-based interventions that were effective, feasible, and/or acceptable for PrEP service delivery include: use of SMS, internet, and smartphone applications such as iText (50% [95%CI: 16-71%]) reduction in discontinuation of PrEP) and PrEPmate (OR=2.62. 95%CI:1.24-5.5.4); telehealth and eHealth platforms for virtual visits such as PrEPTECH and IowaTelePrEP; and platforms for training of health care workers such as ECHO. We suggest a virtual service delivery model for PrEP that can be leveraged for COVID-19 using the internet and social media for demand creation, community-based self-testing, telehealth platforms for risk assessment and follow-up, applications for support groups and adherence/appointment reminders, and applications and internet for monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: Innovations in virtual service provision of PrEP occurred before COVID-19 but have new relevance in the COVID-19 pandemic. The innovations we describe might strengthen HIV prevention service delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the long-run by engaging traditionally hard-to-reach populations, reducing stigma, and creating a more accessible healthcare platform. These virtual service delivery platforms can mitigate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV services and be leveraged to facilitate COVID-19 pandemic control now and for future responses. |
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake and service delivery adaptations during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 21 PEPFAR-funded countries.
Kerzner M , De AK , Yee R , Keating R , Djomand G , Stash S , Rana S , Kimmel A , Eakle R , Klucking S , Patel P . PLoS One 2022 17 (4) e0266280 BACKGROUND: Mitigation measures for the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and burden on health systems created challenges for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) service delivery. We examined PrEP uptake in PEPFAR programs before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We studied two PEPFAR program monitoring indicators, using routine Monitoring, Evaluation, Reporting (MER) indicators capturing uptake of PrEP (PrEP_NEW) and overall use of PrEP (PrEP_CURR). We also analyzed descriptive program narratives to understand successes and challenges field teams encountered after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. To assess changes in coverage of PrEP across 21 countries, we calculated the "PrEP to need ratio" (PnR) using a published methodology. We defined the pre-COVID time period as April 1, 2019 -March 31, 2020 and the COVID time period as April 1, 2020 -March 31, 2021. FINDINGS: The total number of persons who initiated PrEP increased by 157% from 233,250 in the pre-COVID-19 period compared with 599,935 in the COVID-19 period. All countries, except five, noted significant increases in PrEP uptake. PrEP uptake among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) increased by 159% from 80,452 AGYW in the pre-COVID-19 period to 208,607 AGYW in the COVID-19 period. There were 77,430 key populations (KP) initiated on PrEP in the pre-COVID-19 period and 209,114 KP initiated in the COVID-19 period (a 170% increase). The PnR increased 214% in the COVID-19 period across all PEPFAR-supported countries. Adaptations, such as multi-month dispensing (MMD) of PrEP; virtual demand creation activities; decentralized, community-based and virtual service delivery, were implemented to maintain PrEP services. CONCLUSIONS: PEPFAR programs continued to maintain and initiate new clients on PrEP despite the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Adaptations such as MMD of PrEP and use of technology were vital in expanding service delivery and increasing PrEP coverage. FUNDING: This project has been supported by the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. |
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