Last data update: Sep 23, 2024. (Total: 47723 publications since 2009)
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Progress toward achieving and sustaining maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination - Worldwide, 2000-2022
Jones CE , Yusuf N , Ahmed B , Kassogue M , Wasley A , Kanu FA . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2024 73 (28) 614-621 Tetanus remains a considerable cause of mortality among undervaccinated mothers and their infants following unhygienic deliveries, especially in low-income countries. Strategies of the maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination (MNTE) initiative, which targets 59 priority countries, include strengthening antenatal immunization of pregnant women with tetanus toxoid-containing vaccines (TTCVs); conducting TTCV supplementary immunization activities among women of reproductive age in high-risk districts; optimizing access to skilled birth attendants to ensure clean deliveries and umbilical cord care practices; and identifying and investigating suspected neonatal tetanus cases. This report updates a previous report and describes progress toward MNTE during 2000-2022. By December 2022, 47 (80%) of 59 priority countries were validated to have achieved MNTE. In 2022, among the 50 countries that reported coverage with ≥2 doses of TTCV among pregnant women, 16 (32%) reported coverage of ≥80%. In 2022, among 47 validated countries, 26 (55%) reported that ≥70% of births were assisted by skilled birth attendants. Reported neonatal tetanus cases worldwide decreased 89%, from 17,935 in 2000 to 1,995 in 2021; estimated neonatal tetanus deaths decreased 84%, from 46,898 to 7,719. However, the global disruption of routine immunization caused by the COVID-19 pandemic impeded MNTE progress. Since 2020, reported neonatal tetanus cases have increased in 18 (31%) priority countries. Integration of MNTE strategies into priority countries' national postpandemic immunization recovery activities is needed to achieve and sustain global elimination. |
Guideline for collection, analysis and presentation of safety data in clinical trials of vaccines in pregnant women
Jones CE , Munoz FM , Spiegel HM , Heininger U , Zuber PL , Edwards KM , Lambach P , Neels P , Kohl KS , Gidudu J , Hirschfeld S , Oleske JM , Khuri-Bulos N , Bauwens J , Eckert LO , Kochhar S , Bonhoeffer J , Heath PT . Vaccine 2016 34 (49) 5998-6006 Vaccination during pregnancy is increasingly being used as an effective approach for protecting both young infants and their mothers from serious infections. Drawing conclusions from published studies in this area can be difficult because of the inability to compare vaccine trial results across different studies and settings due to the heterogeneity in the definitions of terms used to assess the safety of vaccines in pregnancy and the data collected in such studies. The guidelines proposed in this document have been developed to harmonize safety data collection in all phases of clinical trials of vaccines in pregnant women and apply to data from the mother, fetus and infant. Guidelines on the prioritization of the data to be collected is also provided to allow applicability in various geographic, cultural and resource settings, including high, middle and low-income countries. |
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