Last data update: Jan 27, 2025. (Total: 48650 publications since 2009)
Records 1-30 (of 88 Records) |
Query Trace: Jack S[original query] |
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End-of-year reflections and looking to the future after 20 years of scholarly publishing in public health research, evaluation, and practice
Jack L Jr . Prev Chronic Dis 2024 21 E97 |
Positioning students for success: 2024 student paper contest winners, student committee research skills-building, and release of 2025 call for papers
Jack L Jr . Prev Chronic Dis 2024 21 E99 |
Inequities in intimate partner homicide: social determinants of health mediate racial/ethnic disparities
Rowh A , Zhang X , Nguyen B , Jack S . Am J Prev Med 2024 INTRODUCTION: Intimate partner violence accounts for up to one half of all homicides of women in the United States. Rates of intimate partner homicide are associated with both race/ethnicity and social determinants of health, but their relative contribution is incompletely understood. METHODS: We used negative binomial regression to model the relationship between counties' racial/ethnic composition and their rates of intimate partner homicide of women, controlling for urbanicity, median income, gender pay gap, unemployment, school funding, and violent crime rate. We used data from 49 states and the District of Columbia between 2016 and 2021. Analyses were conducted in 2024. RESULTS: In unadjusted analysis, counties with a lower proportion of White residents experienced higher rates of intimate partner homicide (IRR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.08 - 1.13). When controlling for social determinants of health, this association was not observed (IRR = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.97 - 1.04). Median income, school funding, and violent crime rate were independent predictors of intimate partner homicide in the multivariate model. CONCLUSIONS: Racial/ethnic composition of a population does not independently predict its rate of intimate partner homicide when controlling for social determinants of health. Racial/ethnic inequities in intimate partner homicide are largely attributable to structural factors, which may be modifiable through policy changes. |
Pharmacists' answer to the COVID-19 pandemic: Contribution of the federal retail pharmacy program to COVID-19 vaccination across sociodemographic characteristics- United States
El Kalach RR , Jones-Jack NH , Grabenstein JD , Elam M , Olorukooba A , deMartino AK , Vazquez M , Stokley S , Meyer SA , Wang TW , Himsel A , Medernach C , Jenkins K , Marovich S , Bradley MD , Manns BJ , Romerhausen D , Moore LB . J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2024 102305 BACKGROUND: The Federal Retail Pharmacy Program (FRPP) integrated pharmacies as partners in the national effort to maximize vaccination during the COVID-19 public health emergency. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to quantify the contribution of pharmacies participating in FRPP to COVID-19 vaccination efforts during December 2020-September 2023 across sociodemographic groups in the United States. METHODS: Data on COVID-19 vaccine doses administered reported to CDC by FRPP and jurisdictional immunization information systems (IIS) of all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories were analyzed to estimate FRPP contributions. RESULTS: Approximately 314.9 million COVID-19 vaccine doses were administered by FRPP throughout this period, constituting 48.9% of all COVID-19 vaccine doses administered. FRPP contributions to COVID-19 vaccination ranged from 12.9% to 56.8% for persons aged 6 months-4 years and 12-17 years, respectively. FRPP made the highest contribution to administering COVID-19 doses to Non-Hispanic Asian (48.7%) and Hispanic/Latino (49.8%) persons. The proportion of COVID-19 doses given by FRPP pharmacies was found to be higher in urban areas (57%) compared with rural areas (45%). CONCLUSION: FRPP administered a substantial proportion of COVID-19 vaccine doses in the United States and provided vaccine access for persons across a wide range of groups. Pharmacies can complement vaccination efforts during public health emergency situations and in routine vaccination programs. |
Notes from the Field: Intimate Partner Homicide Among Women - United States, 2018-2021
Rowh A , Jack S . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2024 73 (34) 754-756 |
Emergency medical services encounters for firearm injuries - 858 counties, United States, January 2019-September 2023
Rowh A , Zwald M , Fowler K , Jack S , Siordia C , Walters J . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2024 73 (24) 551-557 Firearm-related deaths and injuries have increased in recent years. Comprehensive and timely information on firearm injuries and the communities and geographic locations most affected by firearm violence is crucial for guiding prevention activities. However, traditional surveillance systems for firearm injury, which are mostly based on hospital encounters and mortality-related data, often lack information on the location where the shooting occurred. This study examined annual and monthly rates of emergency medical services (EMS) encounters for firearm injury per 100,000 total EMS encounters during January 2019-September 2023 in 858 counties in 27 states, by patient characteristics and characteristics of the counties where the injuries occurred. Overall, annual rates of firearm injury EMS encounters per 100,000 total EMS encounters ranged from 222.7 in 2019 to 294.9 in 2020; rates remained above prepandemic levels through 2023. Rates were consistently higher among males than females. Rates stratified by race and ethnicity were highest among non-Hispanic Black or African American persons; rates stratified by age group were highest among persons aged 15-24 years. The greatest percentage increases in annual rates occurred in urban counties and in counties with higher prevalence of severe housing problems, higher income inequality ratios, and higher rates of unemployment. States and communities can use the timely and location-specific data in EMS records to develop and implement comprehensive firearm injury prevention strategies to address the economic, social, and physical conditions that contribute to the risk for violence, including improvements to physical environments, secure firearm storage, and strengthened social and economic supports. |
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine childhood vaccination in 9 U.S. jurisdictions
Treharne A , Patel Murthy B , Zell ER , Jones-Jack N , Loper O , Bakshi A , Nalla A , Kuramoto S , Cheng I , Dykstra A , Robison SG , Youngers EH , Schauer S , Gibbs Scharf L , Harris L . Vaccine 2024 IMPORTANCE: Routine vaccinations are key to prevent outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. However, there have been documented declines in routine childhood vaccinations in the U.S. and worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: Assess how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted routine childhood vaccinations by evaluating vaccination coverage for routine childhood vaccinations for children born in 2016-2021. METHODS: Data on routine childhood vaccinations reported to CDC by nine U.S. jurisdictions via the immunization information systems (IISs) by December 31, 2022, were available for analyses. Population size for each age group was obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics' Bridging Population Estimates. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Vaccination coverage for routine childhood vaccinations at age three months, five months, seven months, one year, and two years was calculated by vaccine type and overall, for 4:3:1:3:3:1:4 series (≥4 doses DTaP, ≥3 doses Polio, ≥1 dose MMR, ≥3 doses Hib, ≥3 doses Hepatitis B, ≥1 dose Varicella, and ≥ 4 doses pneumococcal conjugate), for each birth cohort year and by jurisdiction. RESULTS: Overall, there was a 10.4 percentage point decrease in the 4:3:1:3:3:1:4 series in those children born in 2020 compared to those children born in 2016. As of December 31, 2022, 71.0% and 71.3% of children born in 2016 and 2017, respectively, were up to date on their routine childhood vaccinations by two years of age compared to 69.1%, 64.7% and 60.6% for children born in 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The decline in vaccination coverage for routine childhood vaccines is concerning. In order to protect population health, strategic efforts are needed by health care providers, schools, parents, as well as state, local, and federal governments to work together to address these declines in vaccination coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent outbreaks of vaccine preventable diseases by maintaining high levels of population immunity. |
Federal retail pharmacy program contributions to bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations across sociodemographic characteristics - United States, September 1, 2022-September 30, 2023
El Kalach R , Jones-Jack N , Elam MA , Olorukooba A , Vazquez M , Stokley S , Meyer S , McGarvey S , Nguyen K , Scharf LG , Harris LQ , Duggar C , Moore LB . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2024 73 (13) 286-290 The Federal Retail Pharmacy Program (FRPP) facilitated integration of pharmacies as partners in national efforts to scale up vaccination capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic emergency response. To evaluate FRPP's contribution to vaccination efforts across various sociodemographic groups, data on COVID-19 bivalent mRNA vaccine doses administered during September 1, 2022-September 30, 2023, were evaluated from two sources: 1) FRPP data reported directly to CDC and 2) jurisdictional immunization information systems data reported to CDC from all 50 states, the District of Columbia, U.S. territories, and freely associated states. Among 59.8 million COVID-19 bivalent vaccine doses administered in the United States during this period, 40.5 million (67.7%) were administered by FRPP partners. The proportion of COVID-19 bivalent doses administered by FRPP partners ranged from 5.9% among children aged 6 months-4 years to 70.6% among adults aged 18-49 years. Among some racial and ethnic minority groups (e.g., Hispanic or Latino, non-Hispanic Black or African American, non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and non-Hispanic Asian persons), ≥45% of COVID-19 bivalent vaccine doses were administered by FRPP partners. Further, in urban and rural areas, FRPP partners administered 81.6% and 60.0% of bivalent vaccine doses, respectively. The FRPP partnership administered approximately two thirds of all bivalent COVID-19 vaccine doses in the United States and provided vaccine access for persons across a wide range of sociodemographic groups, demonstrating that this program could serve as a model to address vaccination services needs for routine vaccines and to provide health services in other public health emergencies. |
Mental health surveillance among children - United States, 2013-2019
Bitsko RH , Claussen AH , Lichstein J , Black LI , Jones SE , Danielson ML , Hoenig JM , Davis Jack SP , Brody DJ , Gyawali S , Maenner MJ , Warner M , Holland KM , Perou R , Crosby AE , Blumberg SJ , Avenevoli S , Kaminski JW , Ghandour RM . MMWR Suppl 2022 71 (2) 1-42 Mental health encompasses a range of mental, emotional, social, and behavioral functioning and occurs along a continuum from good to poor. Previous research has documented that mental health among children and adolescents is associated with immediate and long-term physical health and chronic disease, health risk behaviors, social relationships, education, and employment. Public health surveillance of children's mental health can be used to monitor trends in prevalence across populations, increase knowledge about demographic and geographic differences, and support decision-making about prevention and intervention. Numerous federal data systems collect data on various indicators of children's mental health, particularly mental disorders. The 2013-2019 data from these data systems show that mental disorders begin in early childhood and affect children with a range of sociodemographic characteristics. During this period, the most prevalent disorders diagnosed among U.S. children and adolescents aged 3-17 years were attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and anxiety, each affecting approximately one in 11 (9.4%-9.8%) children. Among children and adolescents aged 12-17 years, one fifth (20.9%) had ever experienced a major depressive episode. Among high school students in 2019, 36.7% reported persistently feeling sad or hopeless in the past year, and 18.8% had seriously considered attempting suicide. Approximately seven in 100,000 persons aged 10-19 years died by suicide in 2018 and 2019. Among children and adolescents aged 3-17 years, 9.6%-10.1% had received mental health services, and 7.8% of all children and adolescents aged 3-17 years had taken medication for mental health problems during the past year, based on parent report. Approximately one in four children and adolescents aged 12-17 years reported having received mental health services during the past year. In federal data systems, data on positive indicators of mental health (e.g., resilience) are limited. Although no comprehensive surveillance system for children's mental health exists and no single indicator can be used to define the mental health of children or to identify the overall number of children with mental disorders, these data confirm that mental disorders among children continue to be a substantial public health concern. These findings can be used by public health professionals, health care providers, state health officials, policymakers, and educators to understand the prevalence of specific mental disorders and other indicators of mental health and the challenges related to mental health surveillance. |
Advancing public health informatics during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learned from a public-private partnership with pharmacies
Jones-Jack N , El Kalach R , Yassanye D , Link-Gelles R , Olorukooba A , deMartino AK , Elam M , Romerhausen D , Vazquez M , Duggar C , Kim C , Patel A , Guo A , Gharpure R , Tippins A , Moore L . Vaccine 2024 To support efforts to vaccinate millions of Americans across the United States (US) against COVID-19, the US federal government (USG) launched the Pharmacy Partnership for Long-Term Care Program (PPP) in December 2020 and the Federal Retail Pharmacy Program (FRPP) in February 2021. These programs consisted of a collaborative partnership with the USG and 21 pharmacy organizations, including large retail chains, coordinating pharmacy services administrative organizations (PSAOs) representing independent retail and long-term care pharmacies, and pharmacy network administrators. These pharmacy organizations represented over 46,000 providers and created a robust channel for far-reaching COVID-19 vaccination across 56 state and local jurisdictions. PPP reported more than 8 million COVID-19 doses administered to residents and staff in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) as of June 2021. In addition, FRPP was responsible for administering more than 304 million doses, accounting for approximately 49% of all COVID-19 doses administered as of June 2023. This unprecedented public-private partnership allowed USG to rapidly adapt, expand, and aim to provide equitable access to vaccines for adults and eligible-aged children during the COVID-19 pandemic. As the largest federal COVID-19 vaccination program, the FRPP exemplifies how public-private partnerships can expand access to immunizations during a public health emergency. End-to-end informatics support helped pharmacies meet critical national public health goals and served as convenient access points for sustained health services. This manuscript describes lessons learned regarding informatics coordination with participating pharmacy partners to support the rapid and safe administration of COVID-19 vaccines across the US. The processes of onboarding to CDC's complex data network, establishing connections to state and local immunization information systems (IIS), and monitoring the quality of data pharmacy partners submitted to the CDC Data Clearinghouse (DCH) in alignment with the COVID-19 Vaccine Reporting Specifications (CVRS) are highlighted. |
Monitoring and reporting the US COVID-19 vaccination effort
Scharf LG , Adeniyi K , Augustini E , Boyd D , Corvin L , Kalach RE , Fast H , Fath J , Harris L , Henderson D , Hicks-Thomson J , Jones-Jack N , Kellerman A , Khan AN , McGarvey SS , McGehee JE , EMiner C , Moore LB , Murthy BP , Myerburg S , Neuhaus E , Nguyen K , Parker M , Pierce-Richards S , Samchok D , Shaw LK , Spoto S , Srinivasan A , Stearle C , Thomas J , Winarsky M , Zell E . Vaccine 2023 Immunizations are an important tool to reduce the burden of vaccine preventable diseases and improve population health.(1) High-quality immunization data is essential to inform clinical and public health interventions and respond to outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. To track COVID-19 vaccines and vaccinations, CDC established an integrated network that included vaccination provider systems, health information exchange systems, immunization information systems, pharmacy and dialysis systems, vaccine ordering systems, electronic health records, and tools to support mass vaccination clinics. All these systems reported data to CDC's COVID-19 response system (either directly or indirectly) where it was processed, analyzed, and disseminated. This unprecedented vaccine tracking effort provided essential information for public health officials that was used to monitor the COVID-19 response and guide decisions. This paper will describe systems, processes, and policies that enabled monitoring and reporting of COVID-19 vaccination efforts and share challenges and lessons learned for future public health emergency responses. |
Another Year of Successes for PCD: Impact Factor, Collections, New Student Committee, Dr Lynne Wilcox Paper of the Year, and 2024 Calls for Papers
Jack L Jr . Prev Chronic Dis 2023 20 E106 Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD) brings 2023 to a close having achieved impressive accomplishments. This final Editor in Chief’s Column of the year provides updates on the journal’s increased impact factor; commitment to student development; publication of collections; formation of the Student Scientific Writing and Review Training Committee; upcoming 20th anniversary; and 2024 calls for papers. PCD has been positioned for success because of tremendous support from its editorial board, associate editors, Statistics Review Committee, and its pool of peer reviewers. PCD celebrates the hundreds of authors who submit articles annually to the journal for consideration. In addition, a major source of support to the journal has come from senior leadership in the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP). |
Building diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility capacity: Resources to promote best practices among professionals in scholarly publishing
Jack L Jr , Olson PJ , Baskin PK , Iwuchukwu OF . Prev Chronic Dis 2023 20 E105 The Council of Science Editors (CSE) is an international organization of more than 500 editorial professionals in the scientific, scientific publishing, and information science communities. The organization’s goal is to serve as an authoritative resource on current and emerging issues in the communication of scientific information (1). Similar to other scholarly publishing organizations, CSE continues to facilitate important conversations and training regarding why, how, and where principles of diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) should be integrated into scholarly publishing. With guidance from CSE members with expertise in DEIA in scholarly publishing, and the approval of CSE’s Board of Directors, the organization established the DEI Committee in 2021 (which was expanded to the DEIA Committee in 2023). The purpose of the DEIA Committee is “to support the organization in building capacity among its leadership, members, and the profession at large to deliver programmatic activities and training that integrate [DEIA] best practices in science editing, publication management, scholarly publishing and communication, member recruitment, participation, and engagement” (2). | | Since the committee’s inception, CSE has implemented and/or participated in 8 broad-ranging DEIA-related activities: 1) adding new content to CSE’s Recommendations for Promoting Integrity in Scientific Journal Publications (3) related to DEIA best practices in scholarly publishing; 2) completing a DEIA sensitivity review of Scientific Style and Format (4), the CSE style manual, for its upcoming 9th edition, scheduled for publication in 2024; 3) a DEIA-related symposium to update members on CSE’s progress in achieving DEIA-related objectives and activities identified in CSE’s Strategic Plan (2); 4) establishing a DEIA column in Science Editor (5), CSE’s quarterly magazine; 5) implementing an inaugural 1-day DEIA short course to a range of professionals in scholarly publishing; 6) implementing its Ethics Clinic on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (6); 7) actively serving as a member organization for the Coalition for Diversity & Inclusion in Scholarly Communications (C4DISC) (3); and 8) establishing CSE’s DEIA Scholarly Resources web page (7). |
PCD's midyear progress assessment, journal rankings, and 20th anniversary celebration
Jack L Jr . Prev Chronic Dis 2024 21 E61 |
The US Federal Retail Pharmacy Program: Optimizing COVID-19 vaccine delivery through a strategic public-private partnership
Kim C , Guo A , Yassanye D , Link-Gelles R , Yates K , Duggar C , Moore L , El Kalach R , Jones-Jack N , Walker C , Gibbs Scharf L , Pillai SK , Patel A . Public Health Rep 2023 138 (6) 333549231186606 To help achieve the initial goal of providing universal COVID-19 vaccine access to approximately 258 million adults in 62 US jurisdictions, the federal government launched the Federal Retail Pharmacy Program (FRPP) on February 11, 2021. We describe FRPP's collaboration among the federal government, US jurisdictions, federal entity partners, and 21 national chain and independent pharmacy networks to provide large-scale access to COVID-19 vaccines, particularly in communities disproportionately affected by COVID-19 (eg, people aged ≥65 years, people from racial and ethnic minority groups). FRPP initially provided 10 000 vaccination sites for people to access COVID-19 vaccines, which was increased to >35 000 vaccination sites by May 2021 and sustained through January 31, 2022. From February 11, 2021, through January 31, 2022, FRPP vaccination sites received 293 million doses and administered 219 million doses, representing 45% of all COVID-19 immunizations provided nationwide (38% of all first doses, 72% of all booster doses). This unprecedented public-private partnership allowed the federal government to rapidly adapt and scale up an equitable vaccination program to reach adults, later expanding access to vaccine-eligible children, during the COVID-19 pandemic. As the largest federal COVID-19 vaccination program, FRPP exemplifies how public-private partnerships can expand access to immunizations during a public health emergency. Pharmacies can help meet critical national public health goals by serving as convenient access points for sustained health services. Lessons learned from this effort-including the importance of strong coordination and communication, efficient reporting systems and data quality, and increasing access to and demand for vaccine, among others-may help improve future immunization programs and support health system resiliency, emphasizing community-level access and health equity during public health emergencies. |
Age-specific prevalence of anti-Pgp3 antibodies and severe conjunctival scarring in the Solomon Islands (preprint)
Butcher R , Sokana O , Jack K , Martin DL , Burton MJ , Solomon AW , Mabey DCW , Roberts CH . bioRxiv 2017 141135 Background Trachomatous trichiasis (TT) and ocular Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection in the Solomon Islands are scarce, whereas trachomatous inflammation–follicular (TF) is prevalent.Methods We enrolled 1511 people aged ≥1 year from randomly selected households in 13 villages in which >10% of the population had TF prior to a single round of azithromycin MDA undertaken six months previously. Blood was collected from people of all ages to be screened for anti-Pgp3 antibodies. Photographs were collected from people of all ages for analysis of scarring severity.Results Conjunctival scars were visible in 13.1% of photographs. Mild (p<0.0001) but not severe (p=0.149) scars increased in prevalence with age. Anti-Pgp3 antibody seroprevalence was 18% in 1–9 year olds, increased sharply around the age of sexual debut, and reached 69% in those over 25 years. Anti-Pgp3 seropositivity did not increase significantly between the ages of 1–9 years, and was not associated with scarring in children (p=0.472) or TF in children (p=0.581).Conclusions Signs of trachoma are common in the Solomon Islands but occur frequently in individuals who have no serological evidence of prior ocular infection with Ct. WHO recommendations for directing MDA provision based on signs alone may not be suitable in this context. |
Poliovirus outbreak in New York State, August 2022: qualitative assessment of immediate public health responses and priorities for improving vaccine coverage
Kasstan B , Mounier-Jack S , Chantler T , Masters N , Flores SA , Stokley S , Meek H , Easton D , De Luna-Evans T , Souto M , Punjabi C , Ruppert PS , Rosenberg E , Routh J . Epidemiol Infect 2023 151 e120 ![]() In 2022, a case of paralysis was reported in an unvaccinated adult in Rockland County (RC), New York. Genetically linked detections of vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (VDPV2) were reported in multiple New York counties, England, Israel, and Canada. The aims of this qualitative study were to: i) review immediate public health responses in New York to assess the challenges in addressing gaps in vaccination coverage; ii) inform a longer-term strategy to improving vaccination coverage in under-vaccinated communities, and iii) collect data to support comparative evaluations of transnational poliovirus outbreaks. Twenty-three semi-structured interviews were conducted with public health professionals, healthcare professionals, and community partners. Results indicate that i) addressing suboptimal vaccination coverage in RC remains a significant challenge after recent disease outbreaks; ii) the poliovirus outbreak was not unexpected and effort should be invested to engage mothers, the key decision-makers on childhood vaccination; iii) healthcare providers (especially paediatricians) received technical support during the outbreak, and may require resources and guidance to effectively contribute to longer-term vaccine engagement strategies; vi) data systems strengthening is required to help track under-vaccinated children. Public health departments should prioritize long-term investments in appropriate communication strategies, countering misinformation, and promoting the importance of the routine immunization schedule. |
Preventing chronic disease in 2023: More volunteers, new appointments, upcoming collections, acknowledgment of guest editorial board on racism, and updates on diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives
Jack L Jr . Prev Chronic Dis 2023 20 E55 This year the motto for Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD) ought to be, “More of everything in 2023!” I’m pleased and proud to share the journal’s accomplishments to date and preview what we expect in the coming months. | | This has been a year of change and growth for the journal. While we continue to focus on content that aligns with our vision to disseminate peer-reviewed public health findings, innovations, and practices, we have also committed to publishing more collections in 2023 than ever before. The decision to publish up to 7 collections this year — almost twice as many as in 2022 — is due in part to our commitment to best practices related to health equity and to diversity, equity, and inclusion. This commitment is reflected not only in the topics that we will publish this year, but also in the makeup of the most recent appointments to our volunteer boards. | | We also seek to provide more detailed guidance to authors on addressing issues of health equity in preparing manuscripts. We have posted a series of questions on the PCD website that address health equity considerations both in the process of research and in manuscript preparation. In presenting these guidelines, PCD joins with other journals in the forefront of the scholarly publishing community to frankly and directly address issues such as racism, negative social determinants of health, and other health inequities, looking to solutions that ameliorate these conditions and substantively and equitably improve the health and well-being of everyone. |
Shaping Future Generations of Public Health Researchers: Preventing Chronic Disease's Student Research Paper Contest
Jack L Jr . Prev Chronic Dis 2017 14 E96 Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD) is committed to providing opportunities for future generations of researchers to contribute to public health and develop critical writing and reviewing skills. Since its introduction in 2011, PCD’s Student Research Paper Contest has been a success; each year the journal receives manuscripts prepared by students from around the world, and the number of entries continues to increase. This year, PCD set a record of 72 student submissions. With so many entries, we decided that the only fair way to judge the submissions would be to establish 4 winning categories by level of education: high school, undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral. This year’s submissions addressed a range of topics related to the screening, surveillance, and use of population-based approaches to prevent and control chronic diseases and focused on such health conditions as arthritis, asthma, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular health, obesity, depression, and others. |
PCD 2021 Student Research Collection: Building Public Health Research Capacity in Real-World Settings and the 2022 Call for Papers
Jack L Jr . Prev Chronic Dis 2021 18 E68 With this student collection, PCD celebrates the 10-year anniversary of our efforts to build scientific publishing skills and abilities among students. The primary aims of PCD’s student manuscripts have evolved over the years. Specifically, we aim to 1) provide an opportunity to become familiar with a journal’s manuscript submission requirements and peer review process; 2) foster connections among student knowledge and training, the conduct of quality research, and a journal’s publication expectations; 3) develop research and scientific writing skills to become producers of knowledge, rather than just consumers of knowledge; 4) provide an opportunity to become a first author on a peer-reviewed article; and 5) promote supportive, respectful, and mutually beneficial mentee relationships that strengthen students’ ability to generate and submit scholarly manuscripts throughout their professional careers (1). We believe that committing time, attention, and resources to providing student authors with valuable feedback (whether or not manuscripts are accepted) serves as a key capacity-building resource. Providing this feedback not only benefits PCD in the future but other peer-reviewed journals as well. |
PCD's Commitment to Advancing Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Its Scientific Leadership, Peer-Review Process, Research Focus, Training, and Continuing Education
Jack L Jr . Prev Chronic Dis 2021 18 E80 This position statement expresses Preventing Chronic Disease’s (PCD’s) commitment to continuously assess our focus, document our accomplishments, and identify new areas of growth. It begins with a brief overview of the burden of chronic diseases in the United States to emphasize why the journal remains committed to publishing peer-reviewed content that contributes new knowledge on innovative ways to ameliorate these long-standing public health challenges. Keeping PCD in the best position to publish relevant peer-reviewed articles requires that we continue our efforts to advance diversity, equity, and inclusion as well as best practices at all levels of operation. Hence, this position statement discusses the evolution of the journal’s mission statement and its current topic areas of interest and proposes activities to advance diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) through scientific leadership, the peer-review process, research focus, and provision of training and continuing education. |
Certifying the interruption of wild poliovirus transmission in the WHO African region on the turbulent journey to a polio-free world
Africa Regional Commission for the Certification of Poliomyelitis Eradication , Leke Rose Gana Fomban , Kaboré B Jean , King Arlene , Pallansch Mark A , Tomori Oyewale , Jack Abdoulie D , Sadrizadeh Bijan , Kane Ibrahima , Kironde Naddumba Edward , Lopes-Feio Raul Jorge , Chunsuttiwat Supamit , Maiga Zakaria , Kouassi Beugré , Khomo Ngokoana Esther , Tangermann Rudolf H , Matuja William Bahati Pungu , Mkanda Pascal . Lancet Glob Health 2020 8 (10) e1345-e1351 On Aug 25 2020, the Africa Regional Commission for the Certification of Poliomyelitis Eradication declared that the WHO African region had interrupted transmission of all indigenous wild polioviruses. This declaration marks the African region as the fifth of the six WHO regions to celebrate this extraordinary achievement. Following the Yaoundé Declaration on Polio Eradication in Africa by heads of state and governments in 1996, Nelson Mandela launched the Kick Polio out of Africa campaign. In this Health Policy paper, we describe the long and turbulent journey to the certification of the interruption of wild poliovirus transmission, focusing on 2016-20, lessons learned, and the strategies and analyses that convinced the Regional Commission that the African region is free of wild polioviruses. This certification of the WHO African region shows the feasibility of polio eradication in countries with chronic insecurity, inaccessible and hard-to-reach populations, and weak health systems. Challenges have been daunting and the sacrifices enormous-dozens of health workers and volunteers have lost their lives in the pursuit of a polio-free Africa. |
PCD Disseminates Public Health Interventions Addressing Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
Jack L Jr . Prev Chronic Dis 2019 16 E58 We were fortunate to have a productive, innovative, and successful year in 2018 (1–8). In 2019 we want to build on that success and explore new ways to bring the best in public health research, policy, and practice to our readers. Last year saw the introduction of 2 new manuscript types — Implementation Evaluation and Program Evaluation Briefs — to help us better identify submissions that provide careful, thoughtful, and rigorously conducted research and evaluation findings derived from the application of population-based approaches. |
PCD Increases Impact Factor and Establishes Statistics Advisory Committee
Jack L Jr . Prev Chronic Dis 2019 16 E111 Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD) addresses issues of importance in chronic disease research and practice, issues based not only on external input we receive from experts in the field of public health, but also from our associate editors and editorial board, senior leadership in the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, our dedicated and talented staff, and our readers. The targeted steps we have taken have helped us to recruit the best researchers in the field, including experts who ensure our published articles meet the highest scientific standards, thereby delivering quality content to our growing readership and finding ways to expand the scope of the journal’s expertise. We are excited to see many of the plans we initiated over the past few years come to fruition. |
PCD Increases Content About Public Health Approaches Being Implemented to Improve Population Health
Jack L Jr . Prev Chronic Dis 2018 15 E164 Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD) is a valuable resource for researchers, evaluators, and policy makers. PCD receives submissions on various public health topics from authors all over the world. From January through mid-November 2018, PCD received over 600 new submissions and 140 resubmissions. It was a tremendously successful year during which PCD published rich, relevant, and timely content. In April, PCD published findings from the journal’s first-ever external review panel (1), which resulted in the following vision and mission statements: | | Vision. PCD will serve as an influential journal in the dissemination of proven and promising public health findings, innovations, and practices with editorial content respected for its integrity and relevance to chronic disease prevention. | Mission statement. The mission of PCD is to promote dialogue among researchers, practitioners, and policy makers worldwide on the integration and application of research findings and practical experience to improve population health. |
PCD Appoints New Experts and Releases Four Supplements in 2020 on COVID-19, CDC High Obesity Program, Public Health and Pharmacy, and Mental Health.
Jack L Jr . Prev Chronic Dis 2020 17 E161 This year has been an incredible one for Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD). The journal continues to publish timely peer-reviewed articles that serve as a vital resource to researchers, evaluators, practitioners, and policy makers. To assist us in continuing this mission, we have appointed an impressive group of volunteers who agreed to join PCD’s team of Associate Editors, our Editorial Board, and our Statistics Review Committee. These new appointees will help us advance our vision to disseminate proven and promising peer-reviewed public health findings, innovations, and practices with editorial content respected for its integrity and relevance to chronic disease prevention. Over the coming years, PCD looks forward to working closely with this diverse group of public health professionals, who bring an abundance of expertise across a wide range of research and practice areas. For more information on our Associate Editors, Editorial Board, and Statistics Review Committee members, please visit https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/about_the_journal/index.htm. |
Disseminating Timely Peer-Reviewed Content in 2020: COVID-19 and Chronic Disease, Public Health and Pharmacy, Eliminating Health Disparities, Global Health, and Student Research.
Jack L Jr . Prev Chronic Dis 2020 17 E114 This year has been challenging in numerous ways, and it has been imperative for all of us in the public health field to respond decisively to the COVID-19 pandemic emergency in the short-term and in the long-term to look for new ways to address health disparities that have been highlighted by COVID-19. Now more than ever, Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD) is committed to its mission to provide peer-reviewed content that promotes dialogue among researchers, practitioners, and policy makers worldwide and advances the field of public health as a whole. PCD has seen the success of its efforts reflected in the annual increase in the journal’s impact factor. In July 2020, PCD received its new Journal Impact Factor of 2.144, a jump from 2.038 the previous year in the Web of Science Journal Citation Reports. PCD’s other metrics are also strong: the journal has a Scimago Journal and Country Rank of 22 out of 145 US journals in the category of Public, Environmental and Occupational Health. PCD is also ranked third of 19 open access US journals in this category. |
Complete republication: Recent updates to CSE recommendations for promoting integrity in scientific journal publications: 7 ways to integrate diversity, equity, and inclusion into scholarly publishing
Jack L Jr . Prev Chronic Dis 2023 20 E17 The role of both intentional and unintentional bias in society, including in scientific publishing, is receiving increased attention and discussion.1,2 Content assessed for publication in scientific journals and articles eventually published are not immune from bias. In fact, bias against individuals because of their race, gender, religion, disability, education, institutional setting, career status, sexual orientation, spoken language, and other characteristics remains a pressing issue in scientific publishing.3 Emerging diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) best practices are becoming increasingly important to promote equitable actions that advance diversity of disciplines, racial and ethnic diversity, institutional diversity, interdisciplinary fields, gender diversity, geographic diversity, and linguistic and cultural diversity,1 as well as inclusion of perspectives represented by this diversity. This commentary provides a brief overview of new content in CSE’s Recommendations for Promoting Integrity in Scientific Journal Publications regarding DEI best practices in scholarly publishing (Figure). |
Relative effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination and booster dose combinations among 18.9 million vaccinated adults during the early SARS-CoV-2 Omicron period - United States, January 1, 2022-March 31, 2022
Kompaniyets L , Wiegand RE , Oyalowo AC , Bull-Otterson L , Egwuogu H , Thompson T , Kahihikolo K , Moore L , Jones-Jack N , El Kalach R , Srinivasan A , Messer A , Pilishvili T , Harris AM , Gundlapalli AV , Link-Gelles R , Boehmer TK . Clin Infect Dis 2023 76 (10) 1753-1760 Small sample sizes have limited prior studies' ability to capture severe COVID-19 outcomes, especially among Ad26.COV2.S vaccine recipients. This study of 18.9 million adults aged ≥18 years assessed relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) in three recipient cohorts: (1) primary Ad26.COV2.S vaccine and Ad26.COV2.S booster (two Ad26.COV2.S), (2) primary Ad26.COV2.S vaccine and mRNA booster (Ad26.COV2.S+mRNA), (3) two doses of primary mRNA vaccine and mRNA booster (three mRNA). The study analyzed two de-identified datasets linked using privacy-preserving record linkage (PPRL): medical and pharmacy insurance claims and COVID-19 vaccination data from retail pharmacies. It assessed the presence of COVID-19 during January 1-March 31, 2022 in: (1) any claim, (2) outpatient claim, (3) emergency department (ED) claim, (4) inpatient claim, and (5) inpatient claim with intensive care unit (ICU) admission. rVE for each outcome comparing three recipient cohorts (reference: two Ad26.COV2.S doses) was estimated from adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Compared with two Ad26.COV2.S doses, Ad26.COV2.S+mRNA and three mRNA doses were more effective against all COVID-19 outcomes, including 57% (95% CI: 52-62) and 62% (95% CI: 58-65) rVE against an ED visit; 44% (95% CI: 34-52) and 54% (95% CI: 48-59) rVE against hospitalization; and 48% (95% CI: 22-66) and 66% (95% CI: 53-75) rVE against ICU admission, respectively. This study demonstrated that Ad26.COV2.S + mRNA doses were as good as three doses of mRNA, and better than two doses of Ad26.COV2.S. Vaccination continues to be an important preventive measure for reducing the public health impact of COVID-19. |
Patient flow time data of COVID-19 vaccination clinics in 23 sites, United States, April and May 2021.
Cho BH , Athar HM , Bates LG , Yarnoff BO , Harris LQ , Washington ML , Jones-Jack NH , Pike JJ . Vaccine 2022 41 (3) 750-755 INTRODUCTION: Public health department (PHD) led COVID-19 vaccination clinics can be a critical component of pandemic response as they facilitate high volume of vaccination. However, few patient-time analyses examining patient throughput at mass vaccination clinics with unique COVID-19 vaccination challenges have been published. METHODS: During April and May of 2021, 521 patients in 23 COVID-19 vaccination sites counties of 6 states were followed to measure the time spent from entry to vaccination. The total time was summarized and tabulated by clinic characteristics. A multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between vaccination clinic settings and patient waiting times in the clinic. RESULTS: The average time a patient spent in the clinic from entry to vaccination was 9 min 5 s (range: 02:00-23:39). Longer patient flow times were observed in clinics with higher numbers of doses administered, 6 or fewer vaccinators, walk-in patients accepted, dedicated services for people with disabilities, and drive-through clinics. The multivariate linear regression showed that longer patient waiting times were significantly associated with the number of vaccine doses administered, dedicated services for people with disabilities, the availability of more than one brand of vaccine, and rurality. CONCLUSIONS: Given the standardized procedures outlined by immunization guidelines, reducing the wait time is critical in lowering the patient flow time by relieving the bottleneck effect in the clinic. Our study suggests enhancing the efficiency of PHD-led vaccination clinics by preparing vaccinators to provide vaccines with proper and timely support such as training or delivering necessary supplies and paperwork to the vaccinators. In addition, patient wait time can be spent answering questions about vaccination or reviewing educational materials on other public health services. |
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