Last data update: Nov 04, 2024. (Total: 48056 publications since 2009)
Records 1-3 (of 3 Records) |
Query Trace: Humphrys MS[original query] |
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Impact of the griffithsin anti-HIV microbicide and placebo gels on the rectal mucosal proteome and microbiome in non-human primates.
Girard L , Birse K , Holm JB , Gajer P , Humphrys MS , Garber D , Guenthner P , Noel-Romas L , Abou M , McCorrister S , Westmacott G , Wang L , Rohan LC , Matoba N , McNicholl J , Palmer KE , Ravel J , Burgener AD . Sci Rep 2018 8 (1) 8059 Topical microbicides are being explored as an HIV prevention method for individuals who practice receptive anal intercourse. In vivo studies of these microbicides are critical to confirm safety. Here, we evaluated the impact of a rectal microbicide containing the antiviral lectin, Griffithsin (GRFT), on the rectal mucosal proteome and microbiome. Using a randomized, crossover placebo-controlled design, six rhesus macaques received applications of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC)- or carbopol-formulated 0.1% GRFT gels. Rectal mucosal samples were then evaluated by label-free tandem MS/MS and 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, for proteomics and microbiome analyses, respectively. Compared to placebo, GRFT gels were not associated with any significant changes to protein levels at any time point (FDR < 5%), but increased abundances of two common and beneficial microbial taxa after 24 hours were observed in HEC-GRFT gel (p < 2E-09). Compared to baseline, both placebo formulations were associated with alterations to proteins involved in proteolysis, activation of the immune response and inflammation after 2 hours (p < 0.0001), and increases in beneficial Faecalibacterium spp. after 24 hours in HEC placebo gel (p = 4.21E-15). This study supports the safety profile of 0.1% GRFT gel as an anti-HIV microbicide and demonstrates that current placebo formulations may associate with changes to rectal proteome and microbiota. |
Environmental surveillance for toxigenic Vibrio cholerae in surface waters of Haiti.
Kahler AM , Haley BJ , Chen A , Mull BJ , Tarr CL , Turnsek M , Katz LS , Humphrys MS , Derado G , Freeman N , Boncy J , Colwell RR , Huq A , Hill VR . Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014 92 (1) 118-25 Epidemic cholera was reported in Haiti in 2010, with no information available on the occurrence or geographic distribution of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae in Haitian waters. In a series of field visits conducted in Haiti between 2011 and 2013, water and plankton samples were collected at 19 sites. Vibrio cholerae was detected using culture, polymerase chain reaction, and direct viable count methods (DFA-DVC). Cholera toxin genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction in broth enrichments of samples collected in all visits except March 2012. Toxigenic V. cholerae was isolated from river water in 2011 and 2013. Whole genome sequencing revealed that these isolates were a match to the outbreak strain. The DFA-DVC tests were positive for V. cholerae O1 in plankton samples collected from multiple sites. Results of this survey show that toxigenic V. cholerae could be recovered from surface waters in Haiti more than 2 years after the onset of the epidemic. |
Draft Genome Sequences of Nine Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains from Kenya.
Hazen TH , Humphrys MS , Ochieng JB , Parsons M , Bopp CA , O'Reilly CE , Mintz E , Rasko DA . Genome Announc 2014 2 (3) We report here the draft genome sequences of nine enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains isolated from children in Kenya who died during hospitalization with diarrhea. Each of the isolates possess the EPEC adherence factor (EAF) plasmid encoding the bundle-forming pilus, which is characteristic of EPEC. These isolates represent diverse serogroups and EPEC phylogenomic lineages. |
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