Last data update: Jun 24, 2024. (Total: 47078 publications since 2009)
Records 1-3 (of 3 Records) |
Query Trace: Heymsfield G [original query] |
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Frequency of eating in the US population: A narrative review of the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee Report
Bailey RL , Leidy HJ , Mattes RD , Heymsfield SB , Boushey CJ , Ahluwalia N , Cowan AE , Pannucci T , Moshfegh AJ , Goldman JD , Rhodes DG , Stoody EE , de Jesus J , Casavale KO . Curr Dev Nutr 2022 6 (9) nzac132 BACKGROUND: A person's daily nutrient intake and overall nutritional status are determined by a complex interplay of the types and amounts of foods ingested in combination with the timing and frequency of eating. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to summarize frequency of eating occasion data examined by the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, the macronutrient contributions they provide, and meal frequency relative to dietary quality among the US population (≥2 y), with a focus on sex, age, race/Hispanic origin, and income. METHODS: Demographic and 24-h recall data from the 2013-2016 NHANES were examined. An eating occasion was defined as "any ingestive event (e.g., solid food, beverage, water) that is either energy yielding or non-energy yielding"; all eating occasions were further divided into discrete meals and snacks. Frequency of meals and snacks was defined as "the number of daily EOs [eating occasions]," respectively. Diet quality was assessed via the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015. RESULTS: Most Americans consume 2 (28%) to 3 (64%) meals on a given day and >90% consume 2 to 3 snacks on that day. Adult, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic Black and lower-income (<131% family poverty-to-income ratio) Americans had a lower frequency of eating than children or adolescents, non-Hispanic White, and non-Hispanic Asian Americans and higher-income Americans, respectively. Americans who reported 3 meals on a given day consumed a diet higher in dietary quality than Americans who consumed 2 meals on a given day (HEI-2015: 61.0 vs. 55.0), regardless of population subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of the types of eating occasions differs according to age, race and Hispanic origin, and income. Dietary quality is associated with the number of meals consumed. Healthy dietary patterns can be constructed in a variety of ways to suit different life stages, cultural practices, and income levels; improved diet quality and careful consideration of nutrient density when planning meals are warranted. |
Risk factors for hospitalisation and death from COVID-19: a prospective cohort study in South Sudan and Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Leidman E , Doocy S , Heymsfield G , Sebushishe A , Mbong EN , Majer J , Bollemeijer I . BMJ Open 2022 12 (5) e060639 OBJECTIVES: Our study described demographic characteristics, exposures and symptoms, and comorbidities to evaluate risk factors of hospitalisation and mortality among cases in Juba, South Sudan (SSD) and North and South Kivu in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort of COVID-19 cases. METHODS: Individuals presenting for care at one of five study facilities in SSD (n=1) or DRC (n=4) or referred from home-based care by mobile medical teams between December 2020 and June 2021 were eligible for enrolment. Demographic characteristics, COVID-19 exposures, symptoms at presentation, as well as acute and chronic comorbidities, were evaluated using a standard questionnaire at enrolment. Disease progression was characterised by location of care using mixed-effects regression models. RESULTS: 751 individuals were eligible for enrolment. Among cases followed to discharge or death (n=519), 375 were enrolled outpatients (75.7%). A similar number of cases were enrolled in DRC (n=262) and SSD (n=257). Overall mortality was 4.8% (95% CI: 3.2% to 6.9%); there were no outpatient deaths. Patients presenting with any symptoms had higher odds of hospitalisation (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.78, 95% CI 1.47 to 5.27) and all deaths occurred among symptomatic individuals. Odds of both hospitalisation and mortality were greatest among cases with respiratory symptoms; presence of low oxygen levels on enrolment was strongly associated with both hospitalisation (AOR 7.77, 95% CI 4.22 to 14.29) and mortality (AOR 25.29, 95% CI 6.42 to 99.54). Presence of more than one chronic comorbidity was associated with 4.96 (95% CI 1.51 to 16.31) times greater odds of death; neither infectious comorbidities evaluated, nor malnutrition, were significantly associated with increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with prior literature, older age, low oxygen level, other respiratory symptoms and chronic comorbidities were all risk factors for mortality. Patients presenting with these characteristics were more likely to be hospitalised, providing evidence of effective triage and referral. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04568499. |
The body adiposity index (hip circumference / height(1.5)) is not a more accurate measure of adiposity than is BMI, waist circumference, or hip circumference
Freedman DS , Thornton J , Pi-Sunyer FX , Heymsfield SB , Wang J , Pierson Jr RN , Blanck HM , Gallagher D . Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012 20 (12) 2438-44 Based on cross-sectional analyses, it was suggested that hip circumference divided by height (1.5) minus 18 (the body adiposity index, BAI), could directly estimate percent body fat without the need for further correction for sex or age. We compared the prediction of percent body fat, as assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (PBF(DXA)), by BAI, BMI, and circumference (waist and hip) measurements among 1151 adults who had a total body scan by DXA and circumference measurements from 1993 through 2006. After accounting for sex, we found that PBF(DXA) was related similarly to BAI, BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference. In general, BAI underestimated PBF(DXA) among men (2.5%) and overestimated PBF(DXA) among women (4%), but the magnitudes of these biases varied with the level of body fatness. The addition of covariates and quadratic terms for the body size measures in regression models substantially improved the prediction of PBF(DXA), but none of the models based on BAI could more accurately predict PBF(DXA) than could those based on BMI or circumferences. We conclude that the use of BAI as an indicator of adiposity is likely to produce biased estimates of percent body fat, with the errors varying by sex and level of body fatness. Although regression models that account for the non-linear association, as well as the influence of sex, age and race, can yield more accurate estimates of PBF(DXA), estimates based on BAI are not more accurate than those based on BMI, waist circumference, or hip circumference. |
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