Last data update: Apr 29, 2024. (Total: 46658 publications since 2009)
Records 1-30 (of 65 Records) |
Query Trace: Herbst J [original query] |
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Prevalence estimates and factors associated with violence among older adults: National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence (NISVS) Survey, 2016/2017
Zhang Kudon H , Herbst JH , Richardson LC , Smith SG , Demissie Z , Siordia C . J Elder Abuse Negl 2023 1-17 Abuse of older adults is a public health problem. The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS) is a nationally-representative, telephone survey for non-institutionalized adults in the United States. To determine the prevalence and factors of intimate partner psychological aggression and physical violence and sexual violence by any perpetrator against older adults, we analyzed NISVS 2016/2017 data (n = 10,171, aged ≥ 60 years). Past 12-month prevalence of psychological aggression, physical violence, and sexual violence was 2.1%, 0.8%, and 1.7%, respectively. Odds of psychological aggression were significantly higher among those with hearing or vision impairment, and lower among those aged ≥70 years. Odds of physical violence were significantly higher for males and for those with hearing or vision impairment. Odds of sexual violence were significantly higher for unpartnered individuals and those with cognitive impairment; and lower for those aged ≥ 70 years. Epidemiologic studies of violence against older adults can inform population-specific prevention strategies. |
High time for an intervention accelerator to prevent abuse of older people
Mikton C , Beaulieu M , Burnes D , Choo WY , Herbst JH , Pillemer K , Yon Y . Nat Aging 2022 2 (11) 973-975 Currently, there are no evidence-based interventions to prevent and respond to abuse of older people. We propose to create, within the Decade of Healthy Ageing 2021–2030, an intervention accelerator to speed up the development of effective interventions for abuse of older people in community and institutional settings within low-, middle- and high-income countries. | | The United Nations Decade for Healthy Ageing 2021–2030 (hereafter, the Decade) aims, through 10 years of concerted action, to improve the lives of older people, their families and the communities in which they live1. All people are entitled to age with dignity, honor and respect, including being free from violence, abuse and neglect. Although abuse of older people was first recognized 50 years ago and began to register on the global agenda 25 years ago, the issue has not received the prominence it deserves. The Decade offers a unique opportunity to elevate this issue globally. |
Preventing adverse childhood experiences: The role of etiological, evaluation, and implementation research
Matjasko JL , Herbst JH , Estefan LF . Am J Prev Med 2022 62 S6-s15 Research on adverse childhood experiences is a vital part of the data-to-action link and the development of evidence-based public health and violence prevention practice. Etiological research helps to elucidate the key risk and protective factors for adverse childhood experiences and outcome research examines the consequences of exposure to them. Evaluation research is critical to building the evidence base for strategies that are likely to have a significant impact on preventing and reducing adverse experiences during childhood. Implementation research efforts inform the movement and scale-up of evidence-based findings to public health practice. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Division of Violence Prevention located in the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control is investing in a number of research initiatives that are designed to advance what is known about the causes and consequences of adverse childhood experiences (i.e., etiological research), the strategies that are effective at reducing and preventing them (i.e., evaluation research), and how to best adapt and scale effective strategies (i.e., implementation research). This article complements the other articles in this Special Supplement by briefly providing a review of reviews for each of these areas and highlighting recent research investments and strategic directions by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the area of child abuse and neglect and adverse childhood experience prevention. Research investments are critical to advancing the evidence base on the prevention of adverse childhood experiences and to ensure safe, stable, and nurturing relationships and environments so that all children can live to their fullest potential. |
Association of public explanations of why children struggle and support for policy solutions using a national sample
Klevens J , Treves-Kagan S , Metzler M , Merrick M , Reidy MC , Herbst JH , Ports K . Anal Soc Issues Public Policy 2021 22 (1) 268-285 Purpose: Despite evidence showing the importance of structural determinants for child well-being and the existence of policies that can promote child well-being, many communities are not adopting these policies. Limited awareness of structural determinants may explain this gap. This study establishes the public's recognition of structural determinants and their associations with support for policies that promote child well-being. Methods: Secondary analyses of survey data collected in 2019 from a random sample of 2496 adults in the United States. This survey asked why some children “struggle” (e.g., do poorly in school, use drugs, or get involved in crime). Respondents could select individual (e.g., lack of effort) and structural (e.g., low wages) explanations. Respondents were also asked about their support for policies that are supportive of children and families. Results: Stronger beliefs of structural explanations were associated with greater support for policies that strengthen family economics, family-friendly work, and afford access to high-quality early childcare and education. Beliefs in individual explanations were inversely associated with support for these policies. Conclusions: These findings suggest increasing recognition of the structural determinants that hinder child development may help increase support for policies that are effective in improving children's outcomes. © 2021 Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. |
Do interventions to prevent or stop abuse and neglect among older adults work A systematic review of reviews
Marshall K , Herbst J , Girod C , Annor F . J Elder Abuse Negl 2020 32 (5) 1-25 Abuse and neglect among older adults impact everyone and are recognized internationally as significant and growing public health issues. A systematic review of reviews was conducted to identify effective strategies and approaches for preventing abuse and neglect among older adults. Eligible reviews were systematic or meta-analyses; focused on the older population as reported in the publications; reviewed prevention interventions; included relevant violence and abuse outcomes; written in English; and published in a peer-reviewed journal between January 2000 and May 2020. Eleven unique reviews (12 publications) met the eligibility criteria, including one meta-analysis. Included reviews mainly focused on general abuse directed toward older adults; and educational interventions for professional and paraprofessional caregivers, multidisciplinary teams of health care and legal professionals, and families. Interventions were implemented in a variety of community and institutional settings and addressed primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. The reviews indicated weak or insufficient evidence of effectiveness in preventing or reducing abuse, yet several promising practices were identified. Future research is needed to evaluate emerging and promising strategies and approaches to prevent abuse among older adults. Effective interventions are also needed to prevent or reduce abuse and neglect among older adults. |
Shared correlates of prescription drug misuse and severe suicide ideation among clinical patients at risk for suicide
Logan JE , Ertl AM , Rostad WL , Herbst JH , Ashby Plant E . Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020 50 (6) 1276-1287 OBJECTIVE: Unintentional drug overdose and suicide have emerged as public health problems. Prescription drug misuse can elevate risk of overdose. Severe suicidal ideation increases risk of suicide. We identified shared correlates of both risk factors to inform cross-cutting prevention efforts. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using the Military Suicide Research Consortium's Common Data Elements survey; 2012-2017 baseline data collected from 10 research sites were analyzed. The sample included 3962 clinical patients at risk of suicide. Factors examined in relation to the outcomes, prescription drug misuse and severe suicidal ideation, included demographic characteristics and symptoms of: hopelessness; anxiety; post-traumatic stress disorder; alcohol use; other substance use; prior head/neck injury; insomnia; and belongingness. Poisson regression models with robust estimates provided adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 97.5% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Medium and high (vs. low) levels of insomnia were positively associated with prescription drug misuse (aPRs p < 0.025). Medium (vs. low) level of insomnia was positively associated with severe suicidal ideation (aPR: 1.09; CI: 1.01-1.18). Medium and high (vs. low) levels of perceived belongingness were inversely associated with both outcomes (aPRs p < 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Research should evaluate whether addressing sleep problems and improving belongingness can reduce prescription drug misuse and suicidal ideation simultaneously. |
Interleukin-36γ Is Elevated in Cervicovaginal Epithelial Cells in Women With Bacterial Vaginosis and In Vitro After Infection With Microbes Associated With Bacterial Vaginosis.
Gardner J , Laniewski P , Knight A , Haddad LB , Swaims-Kohlmeier A , Herbst-Kralovetz M . J Infect Dis 2019 221 (6) 983-988 Recently, the IL-36 cytokines were shown to be elevated in women with non-Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiomes. Here, we evaluated IL36G expression in clinical samples from women with and without bacterial vaginosis (BV) and a human 3-D cervical epithelial cell model. IL36G expression was significantly elevated in cervicovaginal epithelial cells isolated from BV-positive women and corresponded with increased neutrophil counts relative to BV-negative women. Additionally, specific BV-associated bacterial species as well as a polymicrobial cocktail significantly induced IL36G expression in vitro. These findings suggest that IL-36gamma may exhibit an important function in the host response to BV and other sexually transmitted infections. |
IL-36? Is a Key Regulator of Neutrophil Infiltration in the Vaginal Microenvironment and Limits Neuroinvasion in Genital HSV-2 Infection.
Gardner JK , Swaims-Kohlmeier A , Herbst-Kralovetz MM . J Immunol 2019 203 (10) 2655-2664 HSV-2 is a neurotropic virus that causes a persistent, lifelong infection that increases risk for other sexually transmitted infections. The vaginal epithelium is the first line of defense against HSV-2 and coordinates the immune response through the secretion of immune mediators, including the proinflammatory cytokine IL-36gamma. Previously, we showed that IL-36gamma treatment promoted transient polymorphonuclear cell infiltration to the vaginal cavity and protected against lethal HSV-2 challenge. In this report, we reveal that IL-36gamma specifically induces transient neutrophil infiltration but does not impact monocyte and macrophage recruitment. Using IL-36gamma(-/-) mice in a lethal HSV-2 challenge model, we show that neutrophil counts are significantly reduced at 1 and 2 d postinfection and that KC-mediated mature neutrophil recruitment is impaired in IL-36gamma(-/-) mice. Additionally, IL-36gamma(-/-) mice develop genital disease more rapidly, have significantly reduced survival time, and exhibit an increased incidence of hind limb paralysis that is linked to productive HSV-2 infection in the brain stem. IL-36gamma(-/-) mice also exhibit a significant delay in clearance of the virus from the vaginal epithelium and a more rapid spread of HSV-2 to the spinal cord, bladder, and colon. We further show that the decreased survival time and increased virus spread observed in IL-36gamma(-/-) mice are not neutrophil-dependent, suggesting that IL-36gamma may function to limit HSV-2 spread in the nervous system. Ultimately, we demonstrate that IL-36gamma is a key regulator of neutrophil recruitment in the vaginal microenvironment and may function to limit HSV-2 neuroinvasion. |
Chronic immune barrier dysregulation among women with a history of violence victimization
Swaims-Kohlmeier A , Haddad LB , Li ZT , Brookmeyer KA , Baker JM , Widom CS , Lamousin JC , Chi KH , Chen CY , Kersh EN , Johnson JA , Herbst-Kralovetz MM , Hogben M , Ofotokun I , Kohlmeier JE . JCI Insight 2019 4 (10) We explored the association between violence victimization and increased risk for acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in women by measuring cellular immune barrier properties from the female reproductive tract. STI-negative participants reporting repeated prior victimization occurrences through the lifetime trauma and victimization history (LTVH) instrument were more likely to exhibit alterations in barrier homeostasis and the composition of critical immune mediators irrespective of demographic parameters or presence of bacterial vaginosis. By combining cellular data with mixed-effect linear modeling, we uncovered differences in local T cells, MHCII+ antigen-presenting cells, and epithelial cells indicative of altered trafficking behavior, increased immunosuppressive function, and decreased barrier integrity at sites of STI exposure that correlate most strongly with LTVH score. These data evidence a biological link between a history of violence victimization and risk of STI acquisition through immune dysregulation in the female reproductive tract. |
Nonfatal assaults and homicides among adults aged 60 years - United States, 2002-2016
Logan JE , Haileyesus T , Ertl A , Rostad WL , Herbst JH . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019 68 (13) 297-302 Since interpersonal violence was recognized as a public health problem in the 1970s, much attention has focused on preventing violence among young persons and intimate partners (1). Violence directed against older adults (>/=60 years) has received less attention, despite the faster growth of this population than that of younger groups (2). Using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) and the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), CDC analyzed rates of nonfatal assaults and homicides against older adults during 2002-2016. Across the 15-year period, the nonfatal assault rate increased 75.4% (from 77.7 to 136.3 per 100,000) among men, and from 2007 to 2016, increased 35.4% (from 43.8 to 59.3) among women. From 2010 to 2016, the homicide rate increased among men by 7.1%, and a 19.3% increase was observed from 2013 to 2016 among men aged 60-69 years. Growth in both the older adult population and the rates of violence against this group, especially among men, suggests an important need for violence prevention strategies (3). Focusing prevention efforts for this population will require improved understanding of magnitude and trends in violence against older adults. |
"Every Newborn-INDEPTH" (EN-INDEPTH) study protocol for a randomised comparison of household survey modules for measuring stillbirths and neonatal deaths in five Health and Demographic Surveillance sites
Baschieri A , Gordeev VS , Akuze J , Kwesiga D , Blencowe H , Cousens S , Waiswa P , Fisker AB , Thysen SM , Rodrigues A , Biks GA , Abebe SM , Gelaye KA , Mengistu MY , Geremew BM , Delele TG , Tesega AK , Yitayew TA , Kasasa S , Galiwango E , Natukwatsa D , Kajungu D , Enuameh YA , Nettey OE , Dzabeng F , Amenga-Etego S , Newton SK , Manu AA , Tawiah C , Asante KP , Owusu-Agyei S , Alam N , Haider MM , Alam SS , Arnold F , Byass P , Croft TN , Herbst K , Kishor S , Serbanescu F , Lawn JE . J Glob Health 2019 9 (1) 010901 Background: Under-five and maternal mortality were halved in the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) era, with slower reductions for 2.6 million neonatal deaths and 2.6 million stillbirths. The Every Newborn Action Plan aims to accelerate progress towards national targets, and includes an ambitious Measurement Improvement Roadmap. Population-based household surveys, notably Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, are major sources of population-level data on child mortality in countries with weaker civil registration and vital statistics systems, where over two-thirds of global child deaths occur. To estimate neonatal/child mortality and pregnancy outcomes (stillbirths, miscarriages, birthweight, gestational age) the most common direct methods are: (1) the standard DHS-7 with Full Birth History with additional questions on pregnancy losses in the past 5 years (FBH(+)) or (2) a Full Pregnancy History (FPH). No direct comparison of these two methods has been undertaken, although descriptive analyses suggest that the FBH(+) may underestimate mortality rates particularly for stillbirths. Methods: This is the protocol paper for the Every Newborn-INDEPTH study (INDEPTH Network, International Network for the Demographic Evaluation of Populations and their Health Every Newborn, Every Newborn Action Plan), aiming to undertake a randomised comparison of FBH(+) and FPH to measure pregnancy outcomes in a household survey in five selected INDEPTH Network sites in Africa and South Asia (Bandim in urban and rural Guinea-Bissau; Dabat in Ethiopia; IgangaMayuge in Uganda; Kintampo in Ghana; Matlab in Bangladesh). The survey will reach >68 000 pregnancies to assess if there is >/=15% difference in stillbirth rates. Additional questions will capture birthweight, gestational age, birth/death certification, termination of pregnancy and fertility intentions. The World Bank's Survey Solutions platform will be tailored for data collection, including recording paradata to evaluate timing. A mixed methods assessment of barriers and enablers to reporting of pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes will be undertaken. Conclusions: This large-scale study is the first randomised comparison of these two methods to capture pregnancy outcomes. Results are expected to inform the evidence base for survey methodology, especially in DHS, regarding capture of stillbirths and other outcomes, notably neonatal deaths, abortions (spontaneous and induced), birthweight and gestational age. In addition, this study will inform strategies to improve health and demographic surveillance capture of neonatal/child mortality and pregnancy outcomes. |
Association of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness, preferred Spanish (vs. English) language use, and sociodemographic variables among Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men
Mansergh G , Herbst JH , Holman J , Mimiaga MJ . Ann Epidemiol 2019 31 8-10 Men who have sex with men (MSM) continue to be the group at highest risk for HIV infection in the United States, and Hispanic/Latino MSM are at disproportionate risk for HIV infection compared with white MSM [1]. Furthermore, the estimated annual percentage change in the United States from 2008 to 2015 increased for Hispanic/Latino MSM, whereas it decreased for white MSM [2]. | | Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an efficacious tool for preventing the acquisition of HIV [3]. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention clinical guidelines and recommendations for PrEP use have been available since 2014 and were updated in 2017 [4]. Yet, PrEP awareness and uptake are still lacking among Hispanic/Latino MSM [5]. A recent study of young MSM in Atlanta, Chicago, and New York City found awareness of PrEP to be lower among Latino/Hispanic compared with whites [6]. |
PrEP awareness in the context of HIV/AIDS conspiracy beliefs among black/African American and Hispanic/Latino MSM in three urban US cities
Olansky E , Mansergh G , Pitts N , Mimiaga MJ , Denson DJ , Landers S , Holman J , Herbst JH . J Homosex 2019 67 (6) 1-11 We examined HIV conspiracy beliefs and PrEP awareness in a convenience sample of minority MSM. Participants in three cities completed a behavioral self-assessment on sociodemographics, PrEP awareness, and HIV/AIDS conspiracy beliefs. HIV/AIDS conspiracy beliefs were more common among Black than Latino MSM (58% vs. 42%, p < .05), and among younger men than older men (age 18-29 (50%), 30-39 (22%), 40+ (28%); p < .05). PrEP awareness co-occurred with conspiracy belief less (37%) than with non-belief (63%, p < .05), persisting in multivariable regression (aOR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.38-0.71). This relationship suggests that current HIV care and prevention messaging is either inaccessible or not credible to some minority subpopulations. |
Quantitative assessment of brief messages about HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected black/African American and Hispanic/Latino MSM
Mansergh G , Baack BN , Holman J , Mimiaga MJ , Landers S , Herbst JH . J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2018 80 (1) 31-35 BACKGROUND: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is efficacious, however many MSM (especially racial/ethnic minorities) are still unaware of and under-utilize it. METHODS: The 2014 Messages4Men Study focuses on black and Hispanic/Latino MSM in Chicago, Fort Lauderdale, and Kansas City (n=937). Brief (2-3 sentence) messages were tested: a PrEP message tailored for HIV-uninfected MSM (n=607) and a PrEP message tailored for HIV-infected MSM (n=330). After reading the message, participants reported believability and awareness, and intent to use PrEP and condoms. Analyses consisted of bivariate and multivariable approaches. RESULTS: Among HIV-uninfected MSM, black (vs. Hispanic/Latino) MSM indicated greater intentions to use PrEP (81% vs. 70% respectively, p<.05); 72% overall had similar intentions to use condoms after hearing a PrEP message. PrEP information was new (63%) and believable (80%), with no racial/ethnic differences (p>.05). In multivariable analysis, men who reported recent condomless anal sex were less likely to report the PrEP message enhanced their intent to use condoms in the future. DISCUSSION: Several years into the availability of PrEP, black and Hispanic/Latino MSM continue to be unaware of PrEP and its benefits, although information is largely believable once provided. The HIV prevention field should be prepared to incorporate new information about HIV prevention options into brief messages delivered through technology and social media. |
Accuracy of HIV risk perceptions among episodic substance-using men who have sex with men
Hall GC , Koenig LJ , Gray SC , Herbst JH , Matheson T , Coffin P , Raiford J . AIDS Behav 2017 22 (6) 1932-1943 Using the HIV Incident Risk Index for men who have sex with men-an objective and validated measure of risk for HIV acquisition, and self-perceptions of belief and worry about acquiring HIV, we identified individuals who underestimated substantial risk for HIV. Data from a racially/ethnically diverse cohort of 324 HIV-negative episodic substance-using men who have sex with men (SUMSM) enrolled in a behavioral risk reduction intervention (2010-2012) were analyzed. Two hundred and fourteen (66%) SUMSM at substantial risk for HIV were identified, of whom 147 (69%, or 45% of the total sample) underestimated their risk. In multivariable regression analyses, compared to others in the cohort, SUMSM who underestimated their substantial risk were more likely to report: a recent sexually transmitted infection diagnosis, experiencing greater social isolation, and exchanging sex for drugs, money, or other goods. An objective risk screener can be valuable to providers in identifying and discussing with SUMSM factors associated with substantial HIV risk, particularly those who may not recognize their risk. |
Susceptibility of selected stored product insects to a combination treatment of pyriproxyfen and novaluron
Arthur FH , Hartzer KL . J Pest Sci (2004) 2017 91 (2) 699–705 There are many published studies of either insect growth regulators (IGR) or chitinase inhibitors applied directly to larvae of stored product insects or incorporated into their diets, but few studies evaluating efficacy of IGRs or chitinase inhibitors applied alone or in combination with a surface for residual control. Tests were conducted to evaluate susceptibility of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the red flour beetle, Trogoderma variabile (Ballion), the warehouse beetle, and Dermestes maculatus (DeGeer), the hide beetle, to Tekko Pro which contained the IGR pyriproxyfen and the chitinase inhibitor novaluron as active ingredients. Efficacy was assessed by adult emergence of exposed immatures, an index based on development of those exposed immatures, and progeny production of exposed adults. Concrete arenas were treated with the label rate of the insecticide applied to a surface, and bioassays were conducted at 0-16 weeks post-treatment. No exposed T. castaneum eggs or larvae reached the adult stage and index values for exposed eggs and larvae remained near the minimum. Adult emergence of T. variable from eggs or larvae did not exceed 25% for the first 8 weeks of the test, but at the end of the test at 16 weeks adult emergence was 44 and 71%, respectively, for eggs and larvae. No eggs or larvae of D. maculatus emerged as adults, but excessive cannibalization in untreated controls occurred throughout the test. Results show that Tekko Pro will give residual control of T. castaneum and T. variabile, and could replace older conventional neurotoxic insecticides for management of stored product insects. |
Correlates of recent HIV testing among substance-using men who have sex with men
Rowe C , Matheson T , Das M , DeMicco E , Herbst JH , Coffin PO , Santos GM . Int J STD AIDS 2017 28 (6) 594-601 Men who have sex with men are disproportionately impacted by HIV and substance use is a key driver of HIV risk and transmission among this population. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 3242 HIV-negative substance-using men who have sex with men aged 18 + in the San Francisco Bay Area from March 2009 to May 2012. Demographic characteristics and sexual risk and substance use behaviors in the last six months were collected using structured telephone questionnaires. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify independent demographic and behavioral predictors of recent HIV testing. In all, 65% reported having an HIV test in the last six months. In multivariable analysis, increasing age (aOR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.84-0.90) and drinking alcohol (<1 drink/day: 0.65, 0.46-0.92; 2-3 drinks/day: 0.64, 0.45-0.91; 4 + drinks/day: 0.52, 0.35-0.78) were negatively associated with recent HIV testing. Having two or more condomless anal intercourse partners (2.17, 1.69-2.79) was positively associated with having a recent HIV test, whereas condomless anal intercourse with serodiscordant partners was not significantly associated with testing. Older men who have sex with men and those who drink alcohol may benefit from specific targeting in efforts to expand HIV testing. Inherently riskier discordant serostatus of partners is not as significant a motivator of HIV testing as condomless anal intercourse in general. |
Mobile phone and internet use mostly for sex-seeking and associations with sexually transmitted infections and sample characteristics among black/African American and Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men in 3 US cities
Allen JE , Mansergh G , Mimiaga MJ , Holman J , Herbst JH . Sex Transm Dis 2017 44 (5) 284-289 BACKGROUND: Men who have sex with men (MSM) have a relatively high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This study examines the association of self-reported STIs and use of mobile phones and/or computer-based Internet to meet sexual partners among black and Hispanic/Latino MSM in the United States. METHODS: Black and Hispanic/Latino MSM (N = 853) were recruited from 3 US cities (Chicago, IL; Kansas City, MO; and Fort Lauderdale, FL) via online and community outreach. Men completed a computer-assisted, self-interview assessment on demographics, use of mobile phones and computer-based Internet for sex-seeking, sexual risk behavior, and self-reported bacterial STIs in the past year. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model independent associations of STIs and use of these technologies to meet sexual partners. RESULTS: Twenty-three percent of the sample reported having an STI in the past year; 29% reported using a mobile phone and 28% a computer-based Internet mostly for sex-seeking; and 22% reported using both. Number of male sexual partners (past year) was associated with any STI (adjusted odds ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.06). Adjusting for human immunodeficiency virus status, number of male sexual partners (past year), and demographic variables, men who reported use of both mobile phones and computer-based Internet for sex-seeking had increased odds of reporting an STI (adjusted odds ratio, 2.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.75-3.83), as well as with separate reports of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis (P's < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced community education regarding STI prevention, testing, and treatment options are necessary among this subpopulation of MSM who may benefit from messaging via Internet and mobile phone application sites. |
Effects of brief messages about antiretroviral therapy and condom use benefits among black and Latino MSM in three US cities
Herbst JH , Mansergh G , Pitts N , Denson D , Mimiaga MJ , Holman J . J Homosex 2017 65 (2) 154-166 This pilot study examined effects of HIV prevention messages about self and partner benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and condom effectiveness on increased intentions for behavior change. Data were from Messages4Men, a study examining prevention messages among 320 HIV-positive and 605 HIV-negative black and Latino MSM. Men completed a computer-based assessment after message exposure, and multivariable models controlled for risky sex and demographics. A majority of HIV-positive men reported increased intentions for ART use; 22% reported partner benefit information was new. HIV-positive men with a detectable viral load had significantly greater adjusted odds of reporting intentions for ART use. Over half of HIV-negative MSM reported ART benefit information was new, and 88% reported increased intentions to discuss ART use with infected partners. Black MSM anticipated they would increase condom use in response to the self and partner benefit messages. Tailored messages on benefits of ART are needed for MSM. |
Efficacy of the Young Women's CoOp: An HIV risk-reduction intervention for substance-using African-American female adolescents in the south
Wechsberg WM , Browne FA , Zule WA , Novak SP , Doherty IA , Kline TL , Carry MG , Raiford JL , Herbst JH . J Child Adolesc Subst Abuse 2017 26 (3) 205-218 HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk-reduction interventions are needed to address the complex risk behaviors among African-American female adolescents in disadvantaged communities in North Carolina. In a two-group randomized trial, we reached 237 sexually active, substance-using African-American female adolescents, to test a risk-reduction intervention, the Young Women's CoOp (YWC), relative to a nutrition control. In efficacy analyses adjusting for baseline condom use, at three-month follow-up participants in the YWC were significantly less likely to report sex without a condom at last sex relative to control. There were mixed findings for within-group differences over follow-up, underscoring the challenges for intervening with substance-using female youths. |
Adaptation and National Dissemination of a Brief, Evidence-Based, HIV Prevention Intervention for High-Risk Men Who Have Sex with Men
Herbst JH , Raiford JL , Carry MG , Wilkes AL , Ellington RD , Whittier DK . MMWR Suppl 2016 65 (1) 42-50 CDC's high-impact human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention approach calls for targeting the most cost-effective and scalable interventions to populations of greatest need to reduce HIV incidence. CDC has funded research to adapt and demonstrate the efficacy of Personalized Cognitive Counseling (PCC) as an HIV prevention intervention. Project ECHO, based in San Francisco, California, during 2010-2012, involved an adaptation of PCC for HIV-negative episodic substance-using men who have sex with men (SUMSM) and a randomized trial to test its efficacy in reducing sexual and substance-use risk behaviors. Episodic substance use is the use of substances recreationally and less than weekly. PCC is a 30-minute to 50-minute counseling session that involves addressing self-justifications men use for engaging in risky sexual behavior despite knowing the potential for HIV infection. By exploring these justifications, participants become aware of the ways they make sexual decisions, become better prepared to realistically assess their risk for HIV during future risky situations, and make decisions to decrease their HIV risk. The findings of Project ECHO demonstrated the efficacy of PCC for reducing HIV-related substance-use risk behaviors. The study also demonstrated efficacy of PCC for reducing sexual risk behaviors among SUMSM screened as nondependent on targeted drug substances. CDC has identified PCC as a "best evidence" HIV behavioral intervention and supports its national dissemination. Several features of PCC enhance its feasibility of implementation: it is brief, delivered with HIV testing, relatively inexpensive, allows flexibility in counselor qualifications and delivery settings, and is individualized to each client. The original PCC and its adapted versions can contribute to reducing HIV-related health disparities among high-risk MSM, including substance users, by raising awareness of and promoting reductions in personal risk behaviors. |
Reactions and receptivity to framing HIV prevention message concepts about pre-exposure prophylaxis for black and Latino men who have sex with men in three urban US cities
Mimiaga MJ , Closson EF , Battle S , Herbst JH , Denson D , Pitts N , Holman J , Landers S , Mansergh G . AIDS Patient Care STDS 2016 30 (10) 484-489 Men who have sex with men (MSM) of color are disproportionately affected by HIV in the United States. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) using antiretroviral medications is a newer biomedical prevention modality with established efficacy for reducing the risk of acquiring HIV. We conducted formative qualitative research to explore audience reactions and receptivity to message concepts on PrEP as part of the development of prevention messages to promote PrEP awareness among black and Latino MSM in the United States. In 2013, 48 black and 42 Latino (total study sample = 90) mixed HIV serostatus MSM from Chicago, Ft. Lauderdale, and Kansas City participated in either an individual interview or focus group discussion. Men were recruited online and at community-based organizations in each city. We elicited feedback on the comprehensibility, credibility, and relevance of two draft messages on PrEP. The messages included efficacy estimates from iPrEx, a phase III clinical trial to ascertain whether the antiretroviral medication tenofovir/emtricitabine disoproxil fumarate (commercially known as Truvada(R)) could safely and effectively prevent HIV acquisition through sex among MSM and transgender women. With participants' consent, the interviews and focus groups were recorded and transcribed. The data were then summarized and analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach. The majority of men were unfamiliar with PrEP. It was suggested that additional information about the medication and clinical trials establishing efficacy was needed to enhance the legitimacy and relevancy of the messages. Participants sought to form an opinion of PrEP that was grounded in their own interpretation of the efficacy data. However, confusion about nonadherence among clinical trial subjects and individual versus average risk limited comprehension of these messages. Thematic overlaps suggest that message believability was connected to participants' ability to derive meaning from the PrEP efficacy data. Despite being concerned that other MSM would interpret the messages to mean that condom use was unnecessary while taking PrEP, participants themselves primarily understood PrEP as a supplement rather than a replacement for condoms. Based on their experience with taking antiretroviral medication, HIV-positive men considered condom use a more feasible form of HIV prevention than PrEP. Participants' responses suggest that more information about PrEP and the clinical trial would support the legitimacy of PrEP and the messages as a whole. These details may enhance believability in the concept of PrEP and reinforce confidence in the validity of the efficacy result. |
Healthy or unhealthy migrants? Identifying internal migration effects on mortality in Africa using health and demographic surveillance systems of the INDEPTH network
Ginsburg C , Bocquier P , Beguy D , Afolabi S , Augusto O , Derra K , Herbst K , Lankoande B , Odhiambo F , Otiende M , Soura A , Wamukoya M , Zabre P , White MJ , Collinson MA . Soc Sci Med 2016 164 59-73 Migration has been hypothesised to be selective on health but this healthy migrant hypothesis has generally been tested at destinations, and for only one type of flow, from deprived to better-off areas. The circulatory nature of migration is rarely accounted for. This study examines the relationship between different types of internal migration and adult mortality in Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) populations in West, East, and Southern Africa, and asks how the processes of selection, adaptation and propagation explain the migration-mortality relationship experienced in these contexts. The paper uses longitudinal data representing approximately 900 000 adults living in nine sub-Saharan African HDSS sites of the INDEPTH Network. Event History Analysis techniques are employed to examine the relationship between all-cause mortality and migration status, over periods ranging from 3 to 14 years for a total of nearly 4.5 million person-years. The study confirms the importance of migration in explaining variation in mortality, and the diversity of the migration-mortality relationship over a range of rural and urban local areas in the three African regions. The results confirm that the pattern of migration-mortality relationship is not exclusively explained by selection but also by propagation and adaptation. Consequences for public health policy are drawn. |
Risk profiles of women experiencing initial and repeat incarcerations: implications for prevention programs
Herbst JH , Branscomb-Burgess O , Gelaude DJ , Seth P , Parker S , Fogel CI . AIDS Educ Prev 2016 28 (4) 299-311 Incarcerated women experience myriad individual, interpersonal, and structural factors leading to arrest and rearrest. This study examined risk profiles of women experiencing initial and repeat incarcerations. The sample included 521 women recruited from two prisons in North Carolina and enrolled in a HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention trial. Variables included socio-demographics, structural/economic factors, sexual and substance use behaviors, STDs, victimization history, and depressive symptoms. Bivariate and multivariable analyses identified risk differences. Compared to women incarcerated for the first time, women with repeat incarcerations reported significantly greater economic instability, substance use and sexual risk behaviors, laboratory-confirmed STDs, and victimization during childhood and adulthood. Multivariable logistic regression found women with repeat incarcerations experienced greater unstable housing, injection drug use, crack cocaine use, concurrent sex partners, and childhood sexual victimization. Findings can inform the development of prevention programs by addressing economic instability, sexual risk, and substance use among women prisoners. |
Data resource profile: Network for analysing longitudinal population-based HIV/AIDS data on Africa (ALPHA Network)
Reniers G , Wamukoya M , Urassa M , Nyaguara A , Nakiyingi-Miiro J , Lutalo T , Hosegood V , Gregson S , Gomez-Olive X , Geubbels E , Crampin AC , Wringe A , Waswa L , Tollman S , Todd J , Slaymaker E , Serwadda D , Price A , Oti S , Nyirenda MJ , Nabukalu D , Nyamukapa C , Nalugoda F , Mugurungi O , Mtenga B , Mills L , Michael D , McLean E , McGrath N , Martin E , Marston M , Maquins S , Levira F , Kyobutungi C , Kwaro D , Kasamba I , Kanjala C , Kahn K , Kabudula C , Herbst K , Gareta D , Eaton JW , Clark SJ , Church K , Chihana M , Calvert C , Beguy D , Asiki G , Amri S , Abdul R , Zaba B . Int J Epidemiol 2016 45 (1) 83-93 The Network for Analysing Longitudinal Population-based HIV/AIDS data on Africa (ALPHA Network) was established in 2005 and aims to: (i) broaden the evidence base on HIV epidemiology for informing policy; (ii) strengthen analytical capacity for HIV research; and (iii) foster collaboration between study sites. All of the study sites participating in the ALPHA Network are independently managed and have their own scientific agendas and tailored research methodologies, but share a common interest in HIV epidemiology and its interactions with the socio-demographic characteristics of the populations they cover. |
Gang membership and marijuana use among African American female adolescents in North Carolina
Wechsberg WM , Doherty IA , Browne FA , Kline TL , Carry MG , Raiford JL , Herbst JH . Subst Abuse Rehabil 2015 6 141-150 The southeastern US sustains the highest high school dropout rates, and gangs persist in underserved communities. African American female adolescents who drop out of school and are gang members are at substantial risk of exposure to severe violence, physical abuse, and sexual exploitation. In this study of 237 female African American adolescents 16-19 years of age from North Carolina who dropped out or considered dropping out, 11% were current or past gang members. Adolescents who reported gang membership began smoking marijuana at a mean age of 13, whereas those who reported no gang membership began at a mean age of 15 years (P<0.001). The mean ages of first alcohol use were 14 years and 15 years for gang members and non-gang members, respectively (P=0.04). Problem alcohol use was high in both groups: 40% and 65% for non-gang and gang members, respectively (P=0.02). Controlling for frequent marijuana use and problem alcohol use, adolescents who reported gang membership were more likely than non-gang members to experience sexual abuse (odds ratio [OR] =2.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.06, 6.40]), experience physical abuse (OR =7.33, 95% CI [2.90, 18.5]), report emotional abuse from their main partner (OR =3.55, 95% CI [1.44, 8.72]), run away from home (OR =4.65, 95% CI [1.90, 11.4]), get arrested (OR =2.61, 95% CI [1.05, 6.47]), and report violence in their neighborhood including murder (OR =3.27, 95% CI [1.35, 7.96]) and fights with weapons (OR =3.06, 95% CI [1.15, 8.11]). Gang members were less likely to receive emotional support (OR =0.89, 95% CI [0.81, 0.97]). These findings reinforce the urgent need to reach young African American women in disadvantaged communities affiliated with gangs to address the complexity of context and interconnected risk behaviors. |
Effects of brief messaging about undiagnosed infections detected through HIV testing among black and Latino men who have sex with men in the United States
Mansergh G , Miller P , Herbst JH , Mimiaga MJ , Holman J . Sex Transm Dis 2015 42 (12) 691-693 We examined intent to get tested for HIV infection and use condoms among n = 604 uninfected black and Latino men who have sex with men after receiving brief information messaging that 1 in 10 minority men who have sex with men had HIV infection and did not know it. Information awareness, newness, believability, HIV testing cost willingness, and associated demographic variables were also assessed. |
Preference for condoms, antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis or both methods to reduce risk for HIV acquisition among uninfected U.S. black and Latino MSM
Mansergh G , Herbst JH , Mimiaga MJ , Holman J . J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2015 70 (4) e153-5 Men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV, particularly those who are younger and African American/black and Latino MSM.1 Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an efficacious biomedical intervention for reducing HIV acquisition. An international study of MSM found PrEP efficacy levels to be 44% for the sample overall, 73% among men with good self-reported adherence, and 95% among men in which PrEP medication was detected in their blood.2 Although awareness of and access to PrEP is a concern,3 it is an additional option for reducing risk of HIV infection. This is particularly helpful since a recent study found only 70% effectiveness for condom use during anal sex among MSM.4 However, there are concerns about potential “risk compensation,” wherein a large shift occurs from condom use to PrEP use, potentially resulting in little practical net benefit (or even net loss) in protection from HIV infection with less than good adherence to PrEP.5 As information about PrEP continues to reach populations that could benefit from its use, prevention practitioners must understand the potential for PrEP uptake and risk compensation. | We analyzed data on behavioral intentions to use condoms, PrEP, or both methods among HIV-uninfected black and Latino MSM in the United States. Data are from Messages4Men, a 2014 cross-sectional study conducted to better understand preferences for new HIV prevention information and methods among black and Latino MSM in Chicago, Fort Lauderdale, and Kansas City. This analysis included HIV-uninfected (self-reported) black (n = 296) and Latino (n = 309) men who reported having sex with a man in the past year, recruited through online, agency, and street/venue outreach efforts. Demographic variables and anal sex without a condom in the previous 3 months were reported through computer assessment. After informing participants that a daily pill exists to prevent HIV infection (ie, PrEP) that was found to be 73% efficacious with good adherence2 and that condoms have been found to be 70% effective for anal use among MSM,4 participants were asked: If you had a choice of using condoms during anal sex or taking a pill every day to prevent HIV infection at no cost to you, which would you pick? Response options included condoms, PrEP, or both methods. |
Selecting quality service dogs (part 1): morphological and health considerations
Parenti L , Wilson M , Foreman AM , Wirth O , Meade BJ . APDT Chron Dog 2015 2015 71-77 Service dogs include dogs for mobility, vision, hearing, developmental disabilities, diabetic alert, seizure alert, and psychiatric support. They are trained to "provide work or perform tasks related to an individual's disability." When accompanied by a service dog, the individual with a disability is afforded some public access protections (Parenti, Foreman, Meade, and Wirth, 2013). Current demand for service dogs outweighs supply (M. Winkle, Crowe, and Hendrix, 2012), and average wait times of up to three years for a well-trained dog are not uncommon. Service dogs are generally trained for a minimum of 18 months, and training can cost anywhere from $10,000 to $20,000 (Allen and Blascovich, 1996. According to some estimates, only 50% of dogs entering training progress to the level of service dog (Batt, Batt, Baguley, and McGreevy, 2008), increasing the cost of training and limiting the number of available dogs. Hereditary diseases and behavioral problems are the most common reasons for a dog to be released from a training program (Wahl, Herbst, Tsai, and Murphy, 2008). Targeted selection and breeding of physically and behaviorally healthy dogs would allow organizations to allocate their resources more efficiently, reduce training costs, and increase the supply of service dogs to those in need. Service dog training programs nationwide can benefit from selecting and breeding dogs based on characteristics relevant to their service dog specialty. This is the first of three articles on the selection and breeding of dogs for service work. The current article addresses morphological and health considerations; the remaining articles will focus on behavior and temperament characteristics and research in the field of service dog training. |
A brief screening tool to assess the risk of contracting HIV infection among active injection drug users
Smith DK , Pan Y , Rose CE , Pals SL , Mehta SH , Kirk GD , Herbst JH . J Addict Med 2015 9 (3) 226-32 OBJECTIVE: To incorporate preexposure prophylaxis and other biomedical or intensive behavioral interventions into the care of injection drug users (IDUs), health care providers need validated, rapid, risk screening tools for identifying persons at highest risk of incident HIV infection. METHODS: To develop and validate a brief screening tool for assessing the risk of contracting HIV (ARCH), we included behavioral and HIV test data from 1904 initially HIV-uninfected men and women enrolled and followed in the AIDS Linked to the Intravenous Experience prospective cohort study between 1988 and 2008. Using logistic regression analyses with generalized estimating equations, we identified significant predictors of incident HIV infection, then rescaled and summed their regression coefficients to create a risk score. RESULTS: The final logistic regression model included age, engagement in a methadone maintenance program, and a composite injection risk score obtained by counting the number of the following 5 behaviors reported during the past 6 months: injection of heroin, injection of cocaine, sharing a cooker, sharing needles, or visiting a shooting gallery. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.720; possible scores on the index ranged from 0 to 100 and a score 46 or greater had a sensitivity of 86.2% and a specificity of 42.5%, appropriate for a screening tool. DISCUSSION: We developed an easy to administer 7-question screening tool with a cutoff that is predictive of incident HIV infection in a large prospective cohort of IDUs in Baltimore. The ARCH-IDUs screening tool can be used to prioritize persons who are injecting illicit drugs for consideration of preexposure prophylaxis and other intensive HIV prevention efforts. |
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