Last data update: Sep 16, 2024. (Total: 47680 publications since 2009)
Records 1-15 (of 15 Records) |
Query Trace: Grunbaum J [original query] |
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Do social resources protect against lower quality of life among diverse young adolescents?
Scott Sarah M , Wallander Jan L , Elliott Marc N , Grunbaum Jo Anne , Chien Alyna T , Tortolero Susan , Cuccaro Paula , Schuster Mark A . J Early Adolesc 2016 36 (6) 754-782 We examined whether social resources from the family and the community moderate the risk associated with low socioeconomic status (SES) for reduced quality of life (QL) among youth across racial/ethnic groups. Data were from 4,824 fifth-grade youth (age X = 11.1, SD = 0.6; 49% females) in the Healthy PassagesTM study (2004-2006) located in Birmingham, Alabama; Los Angeles County, California; and Houston, Texas. Youth reported their QL using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4.0 and the Global Self-Worth subscale of the Self-Perception Profile and their status for hypothesized protective social mechanisms. Overall, family cohesion, parental nurturance, other adult, and peer support were positively associated with QL across racial/ethnic groups. There were few significant interactions, but all suggested that higher SES youth benefited more than lower SES youth. In fact, family cohesion among African American youth and other adult support among Hispanic youth differentiated QL at higher, but not lower SES. Further research should examine other risk contexts and seek to inform targeted prevention efforts. |
TV viewing, perceived similarity, coviewing, and mental well-being among African American, Latino, and White children
McDade-Montez E , Wallander J , Elliott M , Grunbaum JA , Tortolero S , Cuccaro P , Schuster MA . J Early Adolesc 2015 35 (3) 329-352 Research among adults has demonstrated concurrent and prospective negative associations between TV viewing and mental health, yet little research has examined these associations among African American and Latino youth or examined the role of children's involvement with TV and parental mediation of TV viewing via coviewing. The purpose of the present study is to examine associations between TV viewing, perceived similarity, and coviewing and mental well-being in African American, Latino, and White children. Results from Healthy Passages a study of 4,824 African American (30%), Latino (47%), and White (23%) fifth graders, indicated that TV viewing and perceived similarity were negatively associated with mental well-being among most groups of children, and coviewing was positively associated with mental well-being among Latinos. This study extends findings from adult research on media exposure and mental well-being into a diverse sample of fifth graders and illuminates the role of perceived similarity and coviewing. |
Gender role orientation is associated with health-related quality of life differently among African-American, Hispanic, and White youth
Scott SM , Wallander JL , Depaoli S , Elliott MN , Grunbaum JA , Tortolero SR , Cuccaro PM , Schuster MA . Qual Life Res 2015 24 (9) 2139-49 PURPOSE: This study examined the association between gender role orientation (GRO) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in youth, and how this relationship may differ between males and females as well as among African-American, White, and Hispanic individuals. GRO has been reported to influence serious health outcomes including cancer, heart disease, mental illness, and mortality rates. However, few studies have examined the link between GRO and health outcomes for children, even though gender identity is formed in childhood. METHODS: Data were examined from 4824 participants in the Healthy Passages project, a population-based survey of fifth-grade children in three US metropolitan areas. Children reported their own HRQOL using the PedsQL and degree of female, male, and androgynous GRO using the Children's Sex Role Inventory. RESULTS: Based on structural equations analysis, male GRO was positively associated with HRQOL for all racial/ethnic groups, regardless of sex, whereas female GRO was associated with better HRQOL for Hispanic and White females and poorer HRQOL for Hispanic males. Androgynous GRO was associated with better HRQOL among Hispanic and White females, but not males nor African-Americans of either sex. CONCLUSIONS: Racial/ethnic differences emerged for female and androgynous, but not male, GROs. Hispanic males are the only group for which GRO (female) was associated with poorer HRQOL. Future research should find ways to help youth overcome negative effects on health from gender beliefs and behavior patterns with sensitivity to racial/ethnic membership. |
Common pathways toward informing policy and environmental strategies to promote health: a study of CDC's Prevention Research Centers
Neri EM , Stringer KJ , Spadaro AJ , Ballman MR , Grunbaum JA . Health Promot Pract 2014 16 (2) 218-26 This study examined the roles academic researchers can play to inform policy and environmental strategies that promote health and prevent disease. Prevention Research Centers (PRCs) engage in academic-community partnerships to conduct applied public health research. Interviews were used to collect data on the roles played by 32 PRCs to inform policy and environmental strategies that were implemented between September 2009 and September 2010. Descriptive statistics were calculated in SAS 9.2. A difference in roles played was observed depending on whether strategies were policy or environmental. Of the policy initiatives, the most common roles were education, research, and partnership. In contrast, the most prevalent roles the PRCs played in environmental approaches were research and providing health promotion resources. Academic research centers play various roles to help inform policy and environmental strategies. |
Academic-health department collaborative relationships are reciprocal and strengthen public health practice: results from a study of academic research centers
Neri EM , Ballman MR , Lu H , Greenlund KJ , Grunbaum JA . J Public Health Manag Pract 2014 20 (3) 342-8 BACKGROUND: Collaborations between academic institutions and state and local health departments have been shown to enhance the public health core functions of Assurance by improving the public health workforce's knowledge and skills. Few studies have analyzed how academic-health department collaborations enhance Assessment and Policy Development core functions. This qualitative study explores types of collaborations between health departments and Prevention Research Centers (PRCs) and how they align with the core functions. Prevention Research Centers are academic institutions funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to conduct public health research and translate research results for policies and practices. METHODS: We reviewed each PRC's annual report from fiscal year 2011 and abstracted descriptions of PRC-health department collaborations. We identified 14 themes of PRC-health department collaborations and conducted a qualitative analysis to describe the dimensions and distribution of themes. RESULTS: Of the 37 PRCs, 36 reported 215 collaborations with 19 city, 97 county, 31 state, and 46 tribal health departments. Themes of research, survey, and surveillance aligned with the Assessment core function and evaluation, strategic planning, technical assistance, and program implementation supported the Policy Development and Assurance core functions. Overall, health departments provided on-the-ground expertise to inform PRC research, ensuring its applicability to public health practice. Reciprocally, PRCs improved data quality, increased the scientific rigor of health department processes and programs, and filled knowledge gaps within health departments. Both PRCs and health departments enhanced the relevance of public health programs and practices by grounding implementation and evaluation in community needs and views. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study demonstrate that PRC-health department collaborations often enhanced multiple core functions that could lead to implementation of evidence-based interventions and continuous quality improvement of public health administration at the local, state, and tribal levels. This study highlights the value and importance of reciprocal academic-health department partnerships. |
A new taxonomy for stakeholder engagement in patient-centered outcomes research
Concannon TW , Meissner P , Grunbaum JA , McElwee N , Guise JM , Santa J , Conway PH , Daudelin D , Morrato EH , Leslie LK . J Gen Intern Med 2012 27 (8) 985-91 Despite widespread agreement that stakeholder engagement is needed in patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR), no taxonomy exists to guide researchers and policy makers on how to address this need. We followed an iterative process, including several stages of stakeholder review, to address three questions: (1) Who are the stakeholders in PCOR? (2) What roles and responsibilities can stakeholders have in PCOR? (3) How can researchers start engaging stakeholders? We introduce a flexible taxonomy called the 7Ps of Stakeholder Engagement and Six Stages of Research for identifying stakeholders and developing engagement strategies across the full spectrum of research activities. The path toward engagement will not be uniform across every research program, but this taxonomy offers a common starting point and a flexible approach. |
Association of externalizing behavior disorder symptoms and injury among fifth graders
Schwebel DC , Roth DL , Elliott MN , Visser SN , Toomey SL , Shipp EM , Grunbaum JA , Schuster MA . Acad Pediatr 2011 11 (5) 427-31 OBJECTIVE: Injury is the leading cause of death among American youth, killing more 11-year-olds than all other causes combined. Children with symptoms of externalizing behavior disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD) may have increased risk. Our aims were to determine: (1) whether increasing symptoms of ADHD and CD associate positively with injuries among a community sample of fifth graders; and (2) whether symptoms of ADHD and CD have a multiplicative rather than additive association with injuries among the sample. METHODS: Data were collected from 4745 fifth graders and their primary caregivers participating in Healthy Passages, a multisite, community-based study of pediatric health risk behaviors and health outcomes. The primary outcome was injury frequency. Primary independent variables were ADHD and CD symptoms. Additional covariates included gender, race/ethnicity, and household income. Ordinal logistic regression examined correlates of injury frequency. The interaction between ADHD and CD symptoms also was examined. RESULTS: In bivariate analyses, the odds of injury increased as ADHD symptoms (odds ratio [OR] 1.29; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.18-1.41) and CD symptoms (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.07-1.31) increased. However, in multivariate analysis, only ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with injury (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.10-1.35). There was no statistically significant interaction between ADHD and CD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: ADHD symptoms are associated with increased odds of injury in fifth graders. Findings have implications for potential injury prevention strategies for mental health practitioners (for example, cognitive training with at-risk youth), pediatricians (ADHD screening), and parents (improved supervision). |
Association of family stressful life-change events and health-related quality of life in fifth-grade children
Coker TR , Elliott MN , Wallander JL , Cuccaro P , Grunbaum JA , Corona R , Saunders AE , Schuster MA . Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2011 165 (4) 354-9 OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of recent family-related stressful life-change events (SLEs) with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in fifth graders. DESIGN: Population-based, cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Three US metropolitan areas; 2004-2006. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 5147 fifth graders and their parents. MAIN EXPOSURES: Nine recent family-related SLEs: a parent's death, another family member's death, a family member's injury/illness, a family member's alcohol/drug problems, loss of a pet, recent change of residence, addition of a new baby or child to the household, parental separation, and parental divorce. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The HRQOL measured using the 23-item Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. RESULTS: Twenty-four percent of children had no reported recent SLEs; 33% had 1, 25% had 2, 12% had 3, and 6% had 4 or more. Mean HRQOL scores (total, physical, and psychosocial scales) were lower for children with more SLEs. The mean total HRQOL score was 80.4 (95% confidence interval, 79.4-81.3) for children with no recent SLEs and 71.8 (70.2-73.5) for children with 4 or more SLEs (P < .001). In adjusted logistic regression analyses, children with more SLEs had greater odds of impaired HRQOL compared with children without any SLEs. Psychosocial HRQOL fully mediated the relationship between SLEs and physical HRQOL. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of multiple family-related SLEs in children is associated with less positive HRQOL. By incorporating the needs of families as part of comprehensive, high-quality care, health care professionals can identify these types of family-level needs and assist families in accessing community resources for support. |
The association of activity level, parent mental distress, and parental involvement and monitoring with unintentional injury risk in fifth graders
Schwebel DC , Roth DL , Elliott MN , Windle M , Grunbaum JA , Low B , Cooper SP , Schuster MA . Accid Anal Prev 2011 43 (3) 848-52 OBJECTIVE: Extend findings with young children by examining the strength of association of activity level, parent mental distress, and parental involvement and monitoring with fifth graders' unintentional injuries. METHODS: Ordinal logistic regression models were used to predict unintentional injury frequency among 4745 fifth-graders. Examined predictors included demographics, parent reports of mental distress, temperamental activity level (tendency to be fidgety, restless, and constantly in motion), and parental involvement and monitoring in adolescents' lives. RESULTS: Higher levels of both activity level and parent mental distress predicted more frequent injuries. CONCLUSIONS: As has been found with younger children, unintentional injuries in fifth graders are associated with both parent and child characteristics. The result is discussed in the context of adolescent development. Implications include those for injury prevention (multi-dimensional prevention strategies that incorporate environmental modifications as well as training of youth and parents) and future research (study of potential mechanisms behind injury risk behavior via longitudinal and experimental research; study of injury risk during this phase of child development). |
Training and technical assistance to enhance capacity building between prevention research centers and their partners
Spadaro AJ , Grunbaum JA , Dawkins NU , Wright DS , Rubel SK , Green DC , Simoes EJ . Prev Chronic Dis 2011 8 (3) A65 INTRODUCTION: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has administered the Prevention Research Centers Program since 1986. We quantified the number and reach of training programs across all centers, determined whether the centers' outcomes varied by characteristics of the academic institution, and explored potential benefits of training and technical assistance for academic researchers and community partners. We characterized how these activities enhanced capacity building within Prevention Research Centers and the community. METHODS: The program office collected quantitative information on training across all 33 centers via its Internet-based system from April through December 2007. Qualitative data were collected from April through May 2007. We selected 9 centers each for 2 separate, semistructured, telephone interviews, 1 on training and 1 on technical assistance. RESULTS: Across 24 centers, 4,777 people were trained in 99 training programs in fiscal year 2007 (October 1, 2006-September 30, 2007). Nearly 30% of people trained were community members or agency representatives. Training and technical assistance activities provided opportunities to enhance community partners' capacity in areas such as conducting needs assessments and writing grants and to improve the centers' capacity for cultural competency. CONCLUSION: Both qualitative and quantitative data demonstrated that training and technical assistance activities can foster capacity building and provide a reciprocal venue to support researchers' and the community's research interests. Future evaluation could assess community and public health partners' perception of centers' training programs and technical assistance. |
Ensuring accountability in public health prevention research: evaluating the Prevention Research Centers Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Wright DS , Grunbaum JA , Dawkins N , Dino G , Chervin D , Barnes K , Olarita-Dhungana J , Simoes E . J Public Health Manag Pract 2011 17 (2) E1-E9 This article discusses the contributions of Prevention Research Centers program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to public health policies, programs, and practices aimed at improving health and eliminating health disparities.The Prevention Research Centers (PRC) Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention funds centers in schools of public health and medicine to conduct health-promotion and disease-prevention research and other activities, using a community-based participatory research approach. A national program evaluation assessed PRC Program contributions to public health practices and policies, community-based participatory research implementation, and PRCs’ infrastructures and organizational factors. An overview of the evaluation development and implementation activities is provided, along with highlighted results from program indicators, contextual studies, and other complementary activities. Evaluation design used both quantitative and qualitative methods. Lessons learned from the evaluation process include having a clear purpose to provide clarity to the evaluation and ensuring that the study design and data collection methods capture important outcomes. The PRC evaluation demonstrated PRC Program accomplishments and provided insight to the process of participatory research at the PRCs. Challenges with data collection instigated changes to how evaluation data will be collected in the future. The evaluation strategies and lessons learned can guide other national public health research programs in conducting their own evaluations and navigating challenges inherent when assessing such complex programs. |
Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 in women: a MACS approach to testing for invariance across racial/ethnic groups
Wiesner M , Chen V , Windle M , Elliott MN , Grunbaum JA , Kanouse DE , Schuster MA . Psychol Assess 2010 22 (4) 912-922 This study used data from 3 sites to examine the invariance and psychometric characteristics of the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 across Black, Hispanic, and White mothers of 5th graders (N = 4,711; M = 38.07 years of age, SD = 7.16). Internal consistencies were satisfactory for all subscale scores of the instrument regardless of ethnic group membership. Mean and covariance structures analysis indicated that the hypothesized 3-factor structure of the instrument was not robust across ethnic groups. It provided a reasonable approximation to the data for Black and White women but not for Hispanic women. Tests for differential item functioning (DIF) were therefore conducted for only Black and White women. Analyses revealed no more than trivial instances of nonuniform DIF but more substantial evidence of uniform DIF for 3 of the 18 items. After having established partial strong factorial invariance of the instrument, latent factor means were found to be significantly higher for Black than for White women on all 3 subscales (somatization, depression, anxiety). In conclusion, the instrument may be used for mean comparisons between Black and White women. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract). |
Neighborhood characteristics favorable to outdoor physical activity: disparities by socioeconomic and racial/ethnic composition
Franzini L , Taylor W , Elliott MN , Cuccaro P , Tortolero SR , Gilliland MJ , Grunbaum J , Schuster MA . Health Place 2010 16 (2) 267-74 This paper uses a socioecological framework to investigate socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities in neighborhood characteristics that are associated with outdoor physical activity. We surveyed 632 parents of 5th graders about perceptions of their neighborhood social processes and collected systematic observations of the physical environment on their block-face of residence. Higher poverty neighborhoods and non-White neighborhoods have better accessibility; however, they are less safe, less comfortable, and less pleasurable for outdoor physical activity, and have less favorable social processes. Interventions to reduce disparities in physical activity should address not only the physical environment, but also social processes favorable to physical activity. |
Prevalence, characteristics, and associated health and health care of family homelessness among fifth-grade students
Coker TR , Elliott MN , Kanouse DE , Grunbaum JA , Gilliland MJ , Tortolero SR , Cuccaro P , Schuster MA . Am J Public Health 2009 99 (8) 1446-52 OBJECTIVES: We describe the lifetime prevalence and associated health-related concerns of family homelessness among fifth-grade students. METHODS: We used a population-based, cross-sectional survey of 5147 fifth-grade students in 3 US cities to analyze parent-reported measures of family homelessness, child health status, health care access and use, and emotional, developmental, and behavioral health and child-reported measures of health-related quality of life and exposure to violence. RESULTS: Seven percent of parents reported that they and their child had experienced homelessness (i.e., staying in shelters, cars, or on the street). Black children and children in the poorest families had the highest prevalence of homelessness (11%). In adjusted analyses, most general health measures were similar for children who had and had not been homeless. Children who had ever experienced homelessness were more likely to have an emotional, behavioral, or developmental problem (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 2.6; P = .01), to have received mental health care (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.6, 3.2; P < .001), and to have witnessed serious violence with a knife (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.1, 2.3; P = .007) than were children who were never homeless. CONCLUSIONS: Family homelessness affects a substantial minority of fifth-grade children and may have an impact on their emotional, developmental, and behavioral health. |
Acculturation and adolescent health: moving the field forward
Smokowski PR , David-Ferdon C , Bacallao ML . J Prim Prev 2009 30 209-14 The racial and ethnic makeup of the population of the United States has changed more rapidly since 1965 than during any other period in history (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2001). In July 2006, the U.S.’s minority population reached 100.7 million, which equates to one in three residents of the nation being a member of a minority group (U.S. Census Bureau 2007). Children and adolescents represent significant proportions of this heterogeneous population, with youth representing a third of the Latino population, nearly a third of the Asian/Pacific Islander (A/PI) population, and slightly more than a quarter of the American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN) population (U.S. Census Bureau 2007). Large portions of these minority groups consist of new immigrants adjusting to life in the United States, bringing acculturation dynamics to the front of national awareness. | Minority youth have high rates of risk behaviors across a number of health indicators (e.g., violence, tobacco use, alcohol and other drug use, sexual risk taking) (Bureau of Indian Affairs 2001; CDC 2008; Grunbaum et al. 2000). Attention is often given to how these high rates illustrate health disparities, and attention is less often focused on understanding why these differences exist. One factor may be that minority youth have the stress associated with their families and themselves adjusting to U.S. culture added to the normative stressors associated with the social, emotional, and physical development of the adolescent life stage. Studies have associated acculturation, the process of cultural change and adjusting to a new culture, with adolescent risk behaviors across minority groups (e.g., Chen et al. 1999; Gonzales et al. 2002; Love et al. 2006). |
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