Last data update: Jun 17, 2024. (Total: 47034 publications since 2009)
Records 1-2 (of 2 Records) |
Query Trace: Eberly K [original query] |
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HIV and sexually transmitted infections among persons with Monkeypox - eight U.S. Jurisdictions, May 17-July 22, 2022
Curran KG , Eberly K , Russell OO , Snyder RE , Phillips EK , Tang EC , Peters PJ , Sanchez MA , Hsu L , Cohen SE , Sey EK , Yin S , Foo C , Still W , Mangla A , Saafir-Callaway B , Barrineau-Vejjajiva L , Meza C , Burkhardt E , Smith ME , Murphy PA , Kelly NK , Spencer H , Tabidze I , Pacilli M , Swain CA , Bogucki K , DelBarba C , Rajulu DT , Dailey A , Ricaldi J , Mena LA , Daskalakis D , Bachmann LH , Brooks JT , Oster AM . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022 71 (36) 1141-1147 High prevalences of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have been reported in the current global monkeypox outbreak, which has affected primarily gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) (1-5). In previous monkeypox outbreaks in Nigeria, concurrent HIV infection was associated with poor monkeypox clinical outcomes (6,7). Monkeypox, HIV, and STI surveillance data from eight U.S. jurisdictions* were matched and analyzed to examine HIV and STI diagnoses among persons with monkeypox and assess differences in monkeypox clinical features according to HIV infection status. Among 1,969 persons with monkeypox during May 17-July 22, 2022, HIV prevalence was 38%, and 41% had received a diagnosis of one or more other reportable STIs in the preceding year. Among persons with monkeypox and diagnosed HIV infection, 94% had received HIV care in the preceding year, and 82% had an HIV viral load of <200 copies/mL, indicating HIV viral suppression. Compared with persons without HIV infection, a higher proportion of persons with HIV infection were hospitalized (8% versus 3%). Persons with HIV infection or STIs are disproportionately represented among persons with monkeypox. It is important that public health officials leverage systems for delivering HIV and STI care and prevention to reduce monkeypox incidence in this population. Consideration should be given to prioritizing persons with HIV infection and STIs for vaccination against monkeypox. HIV and STI screening and other recommended preventive care should be routinely offered to persons evaluated for monkeypox, with linkage to HIV care or HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as appropriate. |
Concept of assessing nanoparticle hazards considering nanoparticle dosemetric and chemical/biological response metrics
Rushton EK , Jiang J , Leonard SS , Eberly S , Castranova V , Biswas P , Elder A , Han X , Gelein R , Finkelstein J , Oberdorster G . J Toxicol Environ Health A 2010 73 (5) 445-61 Engineered nanoparticles (NP) are being developed and incorporated in a number of commercial products, raising the potential of human exposure during manufacture, use, and disposal. Although data concerning the potential toxicity of some NP have been reported, validated simple assays are lacking for predicting their in vivo toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate new response metrics based on chemical and biological activity of NP for screening assays that can be used to predict NP toxicity in vivo. Two cell-free and two cell-based assays were evaluated for their power in predicting in vivo toxicity of eight distinct particle types with widely differing physicochemical characteristics. The cell-free systems comprised fluorescence- and electron spin resonance-based assays of oxidant activity. The cell-based systems also used electron spin resonance (ESR) as well as luciferase reporter activity to rank the different particle types in comparison to benchmark particles of low and high activity. In vivo experiments evaluated acute pulmonary inflammatory responses in rats. Endpoints in all assays were related to oxidative stress and responses were expressed per unit NP surface area to compare the results of different assays. Results indicated that NP are capable of producing reactive species, which in biological systems lead to oxidative stress. Copper NP had the greatest activity in all assays, while TiO(2) and gold NP generally were the least reactive. Differences in the ranking of NP activity among the assays were found when comparisons were based on measured responses. However, expressing the chemical (cell-free) and biological (cells; in vivo) activity per unit particle surface area showed that all in vitro assays correlated significantly with in vivo results, with the cellular assays correlating the best. Data from this study indicate that it is possible to predict acute in vivo inflammatory potential of NP with cell-free and cellular assays by using NP surface area-based dose and response metrics, but that a cellular component is required to achieve a higher degree of predictive power. |
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