INTRODUCTION: Few studies have examined the factors associated with HIV testing, specifically among U.S. high-school girls. METHODS: Investigators analyzed 2015 and 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey data to calculate the prevalence ratios and the corresponding 95% CIs for the association of HIV-related risk behaviors and other factors with HIV testing. Analyses were completed in March 2020. RESULTS: Approximately 1 in 10 high-school girls reported ever having had an HIV test. Ever having had an HIV test was most common among girls who had ≥4 lifetime sexual partners and those who had ever injected illegal drugs. CONCLUSIONS: High-school girls who engage in behaviors or experience other factors that put them at higher risk for HIV are more likely to have ever gotten tested. However, the prevalence of having ever had an HIV test remains relatively low, indicating that continued efforts may be warranted to reduce risk behaviors and increase testing among high-school girls.

BACKGROUND: The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, second edition, recommend that all adults participate in moderate-intensity equivalent aerobic physical activity at least 150-300 min/week for substantial health benefits and muscle-strengthening activities involving all major muscle groups 2 or more days a week. The prevalence of the general population meeting the Guidelines and the types of physical activity in which they engage have been described elsewhere. Similar descriptions are lacking for individuals with mobility disability whose physical activity profiles may differ from the general population. OBJECTIVE: This study examined patterns of aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity among US adults with mobility disability. METHODS: We used 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 66,635 adults with mobility disability. We estimated the percentage who engaged in any aerobic physical activity, met the aerobic and/or muscle-strengthening guidelines, and who participated in specific activities. RESULTS: Less than half (45.2%) of US adults with mobility disability reported engaging in aerobic physical activity, and 39.5% met one or both components of the physical activity guidelines. Walking was the most commonly reported activity type (34.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Walking is a common activity type among adults with mobility disability. Efforts to make walking or wheelchair rolling a safe, viable option are important to helping decrease barriers that may limit the ability of those with mobility disability to engage in walking or other physical activity types.

BACKGROUND: Short sleep duration is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease and all-cause death. A better understanding of sleep disparities between people with and without disabilities can help inform interventions designed to improve sleep duration among people with disabilities. OBJECTIVE: To examine population-based prevalence estimates of short sleep duration by disability status and disability type among noninstitutionalized adults aged >/=18 years. METHODS: Data from the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used to assess prevalence of short sleep duration among adults without and with disabilities (serious difficulty with cognition, hearing, mobility, or vision; any difficulty with self-care or independent living). Short sleep duration was defined as <7 h per 24-h period. We used log-binomial regression to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) while adjusting for socioeconomic and health-related characteristics. RESULTS: Adults with any disability had a higher prevalence of short sleep duration than those without disability (43.8% vs. 31.6%; p < .001). After controlling for selected covariates, short sleep was most prevalent among adults with multiple disabilities (PR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.36-1.43), followed by adults with a single disability type (range: PR 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03-1.24 [for independent living disability] to PR 1.25, 95% CI: 1.21-1.30 [for mobility disability]) compared to adults without disability. CONCLUSIONS: People with disabilities had a higher likelihood of reporting short sleep duration than those without disabilities. Assessment of sleep duration may be an important component in the provision of medical care to people with disabilities.

Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are known to experience significant health disparities; however, few studies have described anti-hypertensive medication adherence in this population. Using administrative data from South Carolina from 2000-2014, we evaluated the odds of adherence to anti-hypertensive medication among a cohort of adults with IDD and hypertension. Approximately half (49.5%) of the study cohort were adherent to anti-hypertensive medication. Those who lived in a supervised residence, had a Medicaid waiver, and had more frequent contact with a primary care provider were more likely to be adherent. Organizations that serve people with IDD have an opportunity to increase adherence by educating these individuals, their family members, and caregivers about the importance of adherence to anti-hypertensive medication.

Persons with disabilities face greater barriers to health care than do those without disabilities (1). To identify characteristics of noninstitutionalized adults with six specific disability types (hearing, vision, cognition, mobility, self-care, and independent living),* and to assess disability-specific disparities in health care access, CDC analyzed 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data. The prevalences of disability overall and by disability type, and access to health care by disability type, were estimated. Analyses were stratified by three age groups: 18-44 years (young adults), 45-64 years (middle-aged adults), and >/=65 years (older adults). Among young adults, cognitive disability (10.6%) was the most prevalent type. Mobility disability was most prevalent among middle-aged (18.1%) and older adults (26.9%). Generally, disability prevalences were higher among women, American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/AN), adults with income below the federal poverty level (FPL), and persons in the South U.S. Census region. Disability-specific disparities in health care access were prevalent, particularly among young and middle-aged adults. These data might inform public health programs of the sociodemographic characteristics and disparities in health care access associated with age and specific disability types and guide efforts to improve access to care for persons with disabilities.