Last data update: Jan 27, 2025. (Total: 48650 publications since 2009)
Records 1-5 (of 5 Records) |
Query Trace: Corrado R[original query] |
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Community-setting pneumonia-associated hospitalizations by level of urbanization-New York City versus other areas of New York State, 2010-2014
Wu M , Whittemore K , Huang CC , Corrado RE , Culp GM , Lim S , Schluger NW , Daskalakis DC , Lucero DE , Vora NM . PLoS One 2020 15 (12) e0244367 BACKGROUND: New York City (NYC) reported a higher pneumonia and influenza death rate than the rest of New York State during 2010-2014. Most NYC pneumonia and influenza deaths are attributed to pneumonia caused by infection acquired in the community, and these deaths typically occur in hospitals. METHODS: We identified hospitalizations of New York State residents aged ≥20 years discharged from New York State hospitals during 2010-2014 with a principal diagnosis of community-setting pneumonia or a secondary diagnosis of community-setting pneumonia if the principal diagnosis was respiratory failure or sepsis. We examined mean annual age-adjusted community-setting pneumonia-associated hospitalization (CSPAH) rates and proportion of CSPAH with in-hospital death, overall and by sociodemographic group, and produced a multivariable negative binomial model to assess hospitalization rate ratios. RESULTS: Compared with non-NYC urban, suburban, and rural areas of New York State, NYC had the highest mean annual age-adjusted CSPAH rate at 475.3 per 100,000 population and the highest percentage of CSPAH with in-hospital death at 13.7%. NYC also had the highest proportion of CSPAH patients residing in higher-poverty-level areas. Adjusting for age, sex, and area-based poverty, NYC residents experienced 1.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-1.4), non-NYC urban residents 1.4 (95% CI, 1.3-1.6), and suburban residents 1.2 (95% CI, 1.1-1.3) times the rate of CSPAH than rural residents. CONCLUSIONS: In New York State, NYC as well as other urban areas and suburban areas had higher rates of CSPAH than rural areas. Further research is needed into drivers of CSPAH deaths, which may be associated with poverty. |
Geospatial cluster analyses of pneumonia-associated hospitalisations among adults in New York City, 2010-2014
Kache PA , Julien T , Corrado RE , Vora NM , Daskalakis DC , Varma JK , Lucero DE . Epidemiol Infect 2018 147 1-10 Pneumonia is a leading cause of death in New York City (NYC). We identified spatial clusters of pneumonia-associated hospitalisation for persons residing in NYC, aged 18 years during 2010-2014. We detected pneumonia-associated hospitalisations using an all-payer inpatient dataset. Using geostatistical semivariogram modelling, local Moran's I cluster analyses and chi2 tests, we characterised differences between 'hot spots' and 'cold spots' for pneumonia-associated hospitalisations. During 2010-2014, there were 141 730 pneumonia-associated hospitalisations across 188 NYC neighbourhoods, of which 43.5% (N = 61 712) were sub-classified as severe. Hot spots of pneumonia-associated hospitalisation spanned 26 neighbourhoods in the Bronx, Manhattan and Staten Island, whereas cold spots were found in lower Manhattan and northeastern Queens. We identified hot spots of severe pneumonia-associated hospitalisation in the northern Bronx and the northern tip of Staten Island. For severe pneumonia-associated hospitalisations, hot-spot patients were of lower mean age and a greater proportion identified as non-Hispanic Black compared with cold spot patients; additionally, hot-spot patients had a longer hospital stay and a greater proportion experienced in-hospital death compared with cold-spot patients. Pneumonia prevention efforts within NYC should consider examining the reasons for higher rates in hot-spot neighbourhoods, and focus interventions towards the Bronx, northern Manhattan and Staten Island. |
Burden of adult community-acquired, healthcare-associated, hospital-acquired, and ventilator-associated pneumonia - New York City, 2010-2014
Corrado RE , Lee D , Lucero DE , Varma JK , Vora NM . Chest 2017 152 (5) 930-942 BACKGROUND: Although pneumonia is a leading cause of death in New York City (NYC), limited data exist about the settings in which pneumonia is acquired across NYC. Pneumonia acquired in community settings are more likely to be preventable with vaccines and treatable with first-line antibiotics than those acquired in non-community settings. Our objective was to estimate the burden of hospitalizations associated with community-acquired (CAP)-, healthcare-associated (HCAP)-, hospital-acquired (HAP)-, and ventilator-associated (VAP) pneumonia during 2010-2014. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of an all-payer reporting system of hospital discharges that included NYC residents aged ≥18 years. Pneumonia-associated hospitalizations were defined as any hospitalization that included a diagnostic code for pneumonia among any of the discharge diagnoses. Using published clinical guidelines, we classified hospitalizations into mutually exclusive categories of CAP, HCAP, HAP, and VAP and defined pneumonia acquired in the community setting as the combination of CAP and HCAP. RESULTS: Of 4,614,108 hospitalizations during the reporting period, 283,927 (6.2%) involved pneumonia. Among pneumonia-associated hospitalizations, 154,158 (54.3%) were CAP, 85,656 (30.2%) HCAP, 39,712 (14.0%) HAP, and 4,401 (1.6%) VAP. Death during hospitalization occurred in 7.9% of CAP-associated hospitalizations, compared with 15.7% of HCAP-associated hospitalizations, 20.7% of HAP-associated hospitalizations, and 21.6% of VAP-associated hospitalizations. CONCLUSIONS: Most pneumonia-associated hospitalizations in NYC involve pneumonias acquired in the community setting. Only 15.6% of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations were categorized as HAP or VAP, yet these pneumonias accounted for >25% of deaths from pneumonia-associated hospitalizations. Public health pneumonia prevention efforts need to target both community and hospital settings. |
Preventing unintended pregnancy among young sexually active women: Recognizing the role of violence, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms on use of contraception
Nelson DB , Zhao H , Corrado R , Mastrogiannnis DM , Lepore SJ . J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2017 26 (4) 352-360 OBJECTIVES: Ineffective contraceptive use among young sexually active women is extremely prevalent and poses a significant risk for unintended pregnancy (UP). Ineffective contraception involves the use of the withdrawal method or the inconsistent use of other types of contraception (i.e., condoms and birth control pills). This investigation examined violence exposure and psychological factors related to ineffective contraceptive use among young sexually active women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Young, nonpregnant sexually active women (n = 315) were recruited from an urban family planning clinic in 2013 to participate in a longitudinal study. Tablet-based surveys measured childhood violence, community-level violence, intimate partner violence, depressive symptoms, and self-esteem. Follow-up surveys measured type and consistency of contraception used 9 months later. Multivariate logistic regression models assessed violence and psychological risk factors as main effects and moderators related to ineffective compared with effective use of contraception. RESULTS: The multivariate logistic regression model showed that childhood sexual violence and low self-esteem were significantly related to ineffective use of contraception (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.69, confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.18-6.17, and aOR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.28-0.93; respectively), although self-esteem did not moderate the relationship between childhood sexual violence and ineffective use of contraception (aOR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.08-1.84). Depressive symptoms were not related to ineffective use of contraception in the multivariate model. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions to reduce UP should recognize the long-term effects of childhood sexual violence and address the role of low self-esteem on the ability of young sexually active women to effectively and consistently use contraception to prevent UP. |
Screening for sudden cardiac death in the young: report from a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute working group
Kaltman JR , Thompson PD , Lantos J , Berul CI , Botkin J , Cohen JT , Cook NR , Corrado D , Drezner J , Frick KD , Goldman S , Hlatky M , Kannankeril PJ , Leslie L , Priori S , Saul JP , Shapiro-Mendoza CK , Siscovick D , Vetter VL , Boineau R , Burns KM , Friedman RA . Circulation 2011 123 (17) 1911-8 Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the young (SCDY) has a devastating impact on families, care providers, and the community and attracts significant public and media attention. Sudden cardiac death is defined as an abrupt and unexpected death due to a cardiovascular cause, typically occurring <1 hour from the onset of symptoms. Depending on the source, “young” is variably defined as those less than 25, 30, 35, or 40 years of age. Estimates of the incidence of SCDY (not including infants) vary broadly from 0.6 to 6.2 per 100 000 persons.1–3 | Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) may be related to SCD in some infants. Sudden infant death syndrome is defined as the sudden death of an infant <1 year of age that cannot be explained after a thorough investigation is conducted, including an autopsy, death scene evaluation, and review of the clinical history. The incidence of SIDS ranges from 50 to 100 in 100 000,4 and emerging data suggest that as many as 10% to 15% of SIDS deaths are associated with functional cardiac ion channelopathy gene variants.5 | The most common diagnoses that increase risk for SCDY include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), coronary artery anomalies of wrong sinus origin, myocarditis, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, and ion channelopathies.6 The latter category includes hereditary diseases such as the congenital long-QT syndromes (LQTS), catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and Brugada syndrome, among other less common channelopathies. These diseases are typically undetected before the SCD event. Estimated prevalence rates of these conditions range from 1 per 500 persons for HCM to 1 per 2500 for the LQTS. SCD related to these diagnoses has been documented in infancy and during competitive athletics. In addition, prescription stimulant use for treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been postulated to be a trigger for SCD.7,8 |
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