Last data update: Jun 11, 2024. (Total: 46992 publications since 2009)
Records 1-5 (of 5 Records) |
Query Trace: Christianson AL [original query] |
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Work-Related Risk Factors for Rotator Cuff Syndrome in a Prospective Study of Manufacturing and Healthcare Workers
Meyers AR , Wurzelbacher SJ , Krieg EF , Ramsey JG , Crombie K , Christianson AL , Luo L , Burt S . Hum Factors 2021 187208211022122 OBJECTIVE: This prospective study assessed the risk of developing rotator cuff syndrome (RCS) with separate or specific combinations of biomechanical exposures measures, controlling for individual confounders. BACKGROUND: Compared with other musculoskeletal disorders, rates of work-related shoulder musculoskeletal disorders have been declining more slowly. METHOD: We conducted up to 2 years of individual, annual assessments of covariates, exposures, and health outcomes for 393 U.S. manufacturing and healthcare workers without RCS at baseline. Task-level biomechanical exposures assessed exposure to forceful exertions (level, exertion rates, duty cycles), vibration, and upper arm postures (flexion, abduction). Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated with Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: We observed 39 incident RCS cases in 694 person-years (incidence rate = 5.62 per 100 person-years). Adjusting for confounders, we found increased risk of incident RCS associated with forceful hand exertions per minute for three upper arm posture tertiles: flexion ≥45° (≥28.2% time, HR = 1.11, CI [1.01, 1.22]), abduction ≥30° (11.9-21.2%-time, HR = 1.18, CI [1.04, 1.34]), and abduction >60° (≥4.8% time, HR = 1.16, CI [1.04, 1.29]). We failed to observe statistically significant effects for other interactions or any separate measures of biomechanical exposure. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of assessing combinations of exposure to forceful repetition and upper arm elevation when developing interventions for preventing RCS. APPLICATION: Based on these results, interventions that reduce exposure to forceful repetition (i.e., lower force levels and/or slower exertion rates) may reduce the risk of RCS, especially when upper arm elevation cannot be avoided. |
An evaluation of the relationship among urine, air, and hand measures of exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) in US manufacturing workers
Hines CJ , Christianson AL , Jackson MV , Ye X , Pretty JR , Arnold JE , Calafat AM . Ann Work Expo Health 2018 62 (7) 840-851 Background: Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) can be assessed using external and internal exposure measures. We examined the relationship between two measures of external BPA exposure (air and hand-wipe samples) and one of internal exposure (total BPA in urine) for a group of US manufacturing workers. Methods: During 2013-2014, we recruited 78 workers from six US companies that made BPA or made products with BPA. We quantified BPA in seven urine samples, two full-shift air samples and in pre- and end-shift hand-wipe samples collected from workers over 2 consecutive days. We examined correlations between creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations of total BPA (total BPACR) and BPA levels in air and hand wipes using Pearson's correlation coefficient. We also applied mixed-effects regression models to examine the relationship between total BPACR with BPA in air (urine~air model) and with BPA in end-shift hand wipes (urine~hand model), separately and together (urine~air+hand model), after adjusting for covariates. Results: End-shift total BPACR strongly correlated with BPA in air (rp = 0.79, P < 0.0001) and nearly as strongly with BPA in end-shift hand wipes (rp = 0.75, P < 0.0001). In mixed-effect models, BPA air concentration and end-shift hand-wipe BPA level were significantly and positively associated with end-shift total BPACR (P < 0.0001 each). We found a significant effect of the Day 1 BPA air concentration on Day 2 total BPACR (P = 0.0104). When BPA air concentration and end-shift hand-wipe BPA level were in the same model, the air concentration (P < 0.0001) was more significant than the hand-wipe level (P = 0.0106). Conclusion: BPA levels in air and end-shift hand wipes strongly correlated with total BPACR, suggesting that both inhalation and dermal contract were likely exposure routes; however, inhalation, on average, appeared to be a more dominant exposure route than dermal contact for these manufacturing workers. |
Air, hand wipe, and surface wipe sampling for bisphenol A (BPA) among workers in industries that manufacture and use BPA in the United States
Hines CJ , Jackson MV , Christianson AL , Clark JC , Arnold JE , Pretty JR , Deddens JA . J Occup Environ Hyg 2017 14 (11) 882-897 For decades, bisphenol A (BPA) has been used in making polycarbonate, epoxy, and phenolic resins and certain investment casting waxes, yet published exposure data are lacking for U.S. manufacturing workers. In 2013-2014, BPA air and hand exposures were quantified for 78 workers at six U.S. companies making BPA or BPA-based products. Exposure measures included an inhalable-fraction personal air sample on each of two consecutive work days (n = 146), pre- and end-shift hand wipe samples on the second day (n = 74 each), and surface wipe samples (n = 88). Potential determinants of BPA air and end-shift hand exposures (after natural log transformation) were assessed in univariate and multiple regression mixed models. The geometric mean (GM) BPA air concentration was 4.0 microg/m3 (maximum 920 microg/m3). The end-shift GM BPA hand level (26 microg/sample) was 10-times higher than the pre-shift level (2.6 microg/sample). BPA air and hand exposures differed significantly by industry and job. BPA air concentrations and end-shift hand levels were highest in the BPA-filled wax manufacturing/reclaim industry (GMAir = 48 microg/m3, GMHand-End = 130 microg/sample) and in the job of working with molten BPA-filled wax (GMAir = 43 microg/m3, GMHand-End = 180 microg/sample), and lowest in the phenolic resins industry (GMAir = 0.85 microg/m3, GMHand-End = 0.43 microg/sample) and in the job of flaking phenolic resins (GMAIR = 0.62 microg/m3, GMHand-End = 0.38 microg/sample). Determinants of increased BPA air concentration were industry, handling BPA containers, spilling BPA, and spending ≥50% of the shift in production areas; increasing age was associated with lower air concentrations. BPA hand exposure determinants were influenced by high values for two workers; for all other workers, tasks involving contact with BPA-containing materials and spending ≥50% of the shift in production areas were associated with increased BPA hand levels. Surface wipe BPA levels were significantly lower in eating/office areas (GM = 9.3 microg/100 cm2) than in production areas (GM = 140 microg/100 cm2). In conclusion, worker BPA exposure was associated with tasks and conditions affecting both inhalation and dermal exposure. The potential for BPA-related health effects among these workers is unknown. |
Urinary bisphenol a (BPA) concentrations among workers in industries that manufacture and use BPA in the USA
Hines CJ , Jackson Matthew V , Deddens JA , Clark JC , Ye X , Christianson AL , Meadows JW , Calafat AM . Ann Work Expo Health 2017 61 (2) 164-182 Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) toxicity and exposure risk to humans has been the subject of considerable scientific debate; however, published occupational exposure data for BPA are limited. Methods: In 2013–2014, 77 workers at six US companies making BPA, BPA-based resins, or BPA-filled wax provided seven urine samples over two consecutive work days (151 worker-days, 525 samples). Participant information included industry, job, tasks, personal protective equipment used, hygiene behaviors, and canned food/beverage consumption. Total (free plus conjugated) BPA, quantified in urine by mass spectrometry, was detected in all samples. Results:The geometric mean (GM) creatinine-adjusted total BPA (total BPACR) concentration was 88.0 microg g−1 (range 0.78–18900 microg g - 1), approximately 70 times higher than in US adults in 2013–2014 (1.27 microg g-1). GM total BPACR increased during Day 1 (26.6-127 microg g- 1), decreased by pre-shift Day 2 (84.4 microg g - 1) then increased during Day 2 to 178 microg - 1. By industry, baseline and post-baseline total BPACR was highest in BPA-filled wax manufacturing/reclaim (GM = 111 microg g - 1) and lowest in phenolic resin manufacturing (GM = 6.56 microg g-1). By job, total BPACR was highest at baseline in maintenance workers (GM = 157 microg g−1) and post-baseline in those working with molten BPA-filled wax (GM = 441 microg g - 1). Workers in the job of flaking a BPA-based resin had the lowest concentrations at baseline (GM = 4.81 microg g−1) and post-baseline (GM = 23.2 µg g−1). In multiple regression models, at baseline, industry significantly predicted increased total BPACR (P = 0.0248); post-baseline, handling BPA containers (P = 0.0035), taking ≥3 process/bulk samples with BPA (P = 0.0002) and wearing a Tyvek coverall (P = 0.0042) significantly predicted increased total BPACR (after adjusting for total BPACR at baseline, time point, and body mass index). Conclusion: Several work-related factors, including industry, job, and certain tasks performed, were associated with increased urinary total BPACR concentrations in this group of manufacturing workers. The potential for BPA-related health effects among these workers is unknown. |
A safety information campaign to reduce sharps injuries: results from the Stop Sticks campaign
Cunningham TR , Sinclair RC , Harney AMG , Smallwood SW , Christianson AL . J Commun Healthc 2010 3 164-184 Injuries from medical sharps devices and blood-borne pathogen (BBP) exposure are a significant risk to many healthcare workers. Risk awareness communications and sharps safety strategies are key components of BBP exposure prevention efforts. The research reported here includes an evaluation of a large-scale communication intervention aimed at raising awareness among healthcare workers regarding the risks of sharps injuries and BBP exposure, as well as methods of prevention. The Stop Sticks campaign was a multi-media communication intervention targeted at multiple healthcare facilities in Columbia, South Carolina. Following a comprehensive needs assessment in each facility, tailored communications were delivered via several channels. Samples included individual hospital departments, an entire hospital, and a nursing home. Results indicate high levels of knowledge and communication channel recall, minimal attitude and behavior change, and a strong association between sharps-related safety behavior and safety climate. Overall, this research suggests the blitz approach is viable for raising awareness of occupational safety and health issues. Based on these findings, several recommendations are offered for conducting safety campaigns in healthcare facilities. |
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