Last data update: Sep 16, 2024. (Total: 47680 publications since 2009)
Records 1-6 (of 6 Records) |
Query Trace: Choo A [original query] |
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High time for an intervention accelerator to prevent abuse of older people
Mikton C , Beaulieu M , Burnes D , Choo WY , Herbst JH , Pillemer K , Yon Y . Nat Aging 2022 2 (11) 973-975 Currently, there are no evidence-based interventions to prevent and respond to abuse of older people. We propose to create, within the Decade of Healthy Ageing 2021–2030, an intervention accelerator to speed up the development of effective interventions for abuse of older people in community and institutional settings within low-, middle- and high-income countries. | | The United Nations Decade for Healthy Ageing 2021–2030 (hereafter, the Decade) aims, through 10 years of concerted action, to improve the lives of older people, their families and the communities in which they live1. All people are entitled to age with dignity, honor and respect, including being free from violence, abuse and neglect. Although abuse of older people was first recognized 50 years ago and began to register on the global agenda 25 years ago, the issue has not received the prominence it deserves. The Decade offers a unique opportunity to elevate this issue globally. |
Costs and cost-effectiveness of HIV counselling and testing modalities in Southern Mozambique
Choo JH , Lopez-Varela E , Fuente-Soro L , Augusto O , Sacoor C , Nhacolo A , Wei S , Naniche D , Thomas R , Sicuri E . Cost Eff Resour Alloc 2022 20 (1) 49 OBJECTIVE: Despite the high HIV associated burden, Mozambique lacks data on HIV counselling and testing (HCT) costs. To help guide national HIV/AIDS programs, we estimated the cost per test for voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) from the patient's perspective and the costs per person tested and per HIV-positive individual linked to care to the healthcare provider for VCT, provider-initiated counselling and testing (PICT) and home-based testing (HBT). We also assessed the cost-effectiveness of these strategies for linking patients to care. METHODS: Data from a cohort study conducted in the Manhia District were used to derive costs and linkage-to-care outcomes of the three HCT strategies. A decision tree was used to model HCT costs according to the likelihood of HCT linking individuals to care and to obtain the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of PICT and HBT with VCT as the comparator. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess robustness of base-case findings. FINDINGS: Based on costs and valuations in 2015, average and median VCT costs to the patient per individual tested were US$1.34 and US$1.08, respectively. Costs per individual tested were greatest for HBT (US$11.07), followed by VCT (US$7.79), and PICT (US$7.14). The costs per HIV-positive individual linked to care followed a similar trend. PICT was not cost-effective in comparison with VCT at a willingness-to-accept threshold of US$4.53, but only marginally given a corresponding base-case ICER of US$4.15, while HBT was dominated, with higher costs and lower impact than VCT. Base-case results for the comparison between PICT and VCT presented great uncertainty, whereas findings for HBT were robust. CONCLUSION: PICT and VCT are likely equally cost-effective in Manhia. We recommend that VCT be offered as the predominant HCT strategy in Mozambique, but expansion of PICT could be considered in limited-resource areas. HBT without facilitated linkage or reduced costs is unlikely to be cost-effective. |
A broad-spectrum and highly potent human monoclonal antibody cocktail for rabies prophylaxis.
Kim PK , Ahn JS , Kim CM , Seo JM , Keum SJ , Lee HJ , Choo MJ , Kim MS , Lee JY , Maeng KE , Shin JY , Yi KS , Osinubi MOV , Franka R , Greenberg L , Shampur M , Rupprecht CE , Lee SY . PLoS One 2021 16 (9) e0256779 Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is highly effective in preventing disease progression of rabies when used in timely and appropriate manner. The key treatment for PEP is infiltration of rabies immune globulin (RIG) into lesion site after bite exposure, besides wound care and vaccination. Unfortunately, however, RIG is expensive and its supply is limited. Currently, several anti-rabies virus monoclonal antibody (mAb) products are under development as alternatives to RIG, and two recently received regulatory approval in India. In this study, fully human mAbs that recognize different rabies virus glycoprotein conformational antigenic site (II and III) were created from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of heathy vaccinated subjects. These mAbs neutralized a diverse range of lyssavirus types. As at least two anti-rabies virus mAbs are recommended for use in human PEP to ensure broad coverage against diverse lyssaviruses and to minimize possible escape variants, two most potent mAbs, NP-19-9 and 11B6, were selected to be used as cocktail treatment. These two mAbs were broadly reactive to different types of lyssaviruses isolates, and were shown to have no interference with each other. These results suggest that NP-19-9 and 11B6 are potent candidates to be used for PEP, suggesting further studies involving clinical studies in human. |
A nested case-control study of polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and thyroid cancer in the Janus Serum Bank cohort
Lerro CC , Jones RR , Langseth H , Grimsrud TK , Engel LS , Sjodin A , Choo-Wosoba H , Albert P , Ward MH . Environ Res 2018 165 125-132 BACKGROUND: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides have been associated with altered thyroid hormone levels in humans, but their relationship with thyroid cancer is unknown. METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study of thyroid cancer in the Norwegian Janus Serum Bank cohort using pre-diagnostic blood samples from 1972 to 1985. Incident thyroid cancer (n=108) was ascertained through 2008. Controls were matched 2:1 by age, date of blood draw, gender, and county. We used gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to quantify 36 PCB congeners and metabolites of pesticides DDT, chlordane, hexachlorocyclohexane, and hexachlorobenzene. PCBs and pesticide metabolites were evaluated individually and summed by degree of chlorination and parent compound, respectively. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using conditional logistic regression per specified increase in lipid-adjusted concentration. We additionally stratified analyses by birth cohort (1923-1932, 1933-1942, 1943-1957). RESULTS: Increasing concentration of DDT metabolites (ORper 1000ng/g = 0.80, 95%CI = 0.66-0.98) was inversely associated with thyroid cancer. Associations for PCBs were null or in inverse direction. We observed interactions for total PCBs, moderately-chlorinated PCBs, and chlordane metabolites with birth cohort (p</=0.04). Among participants born 1943-1957, total PCBs (ORper 100ng/g = 1.25, 95%CI = 1.00-1.56), moderately-chlorinated PCBs (ORper 100ng/g = 1.31, 95%CI = 1.01-1.70), and chlordane metabolites (ORper 10ng/g = 1.78, 95%CI = 1.09-2.93) were positively associated with thyroid cancer. For individuals born before 1943, associations were generally null or in the inverse direction. CONCLUSIONS: Emissions of PCBs and OC pesticides varied over time. Different risk patterns by birth cohort suggest the potential importance of timing of exposure in thyroid cancer risk. Further evaluation of these associations is warranted. |
Health-related quality of life among participants in the SMART weight loss trial
Styn MA , Wang J , Acharya SD , Yang K , Chasens ER , Choo J , Ye L , Burke LE . Appl Nurs Res 2012 25 (4) 276-9 Obesity has been associated with a decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL); however, the association between weight change and HRQoL is unclear. This secondary analysis of the SMART (Self Monitoring And Recording using Technology) trial, a clinical trial of behavioral weight loss treatment, provides evidence that quality of life improves with weight loss. |
Environmental health internship essentials
Choo A , Gerke J , Sellers V , Syed M . J Environ Health 2012 74 (6) 52-53 The Centers for Disease Control and | Prevention (CDC) Summer Program | in Environmental Health (SUPEH) | provides students in academic programs | accredited by the National Environmental | Health Science and Protection Accreditation | Council (EHAC) an opportunity to experience environmental health practice at the local, state, and federal levels. The internship | exposes students to the aspects of the environmental health profession, from hands-on | activities in the field to environmental health | management in the office. Typically, the internship is the student’s first glimpse into | the real-world application of environmental | health science. | As interns, we recognized early on that | environmental health practitioners must | possess a wide range of competencies to be | effective at promoting and improving environmental health. Based on observations during our internship, we recognized a need to continually develop not only technical skills | and abilities but also competencies as wellrounded professionals. Those competencies | fall under the three categories identified by | the Environmental Health Core Competency Project: assessment, management, and | communication (American Public Health | Association and National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control | and Prevention, 2001). This column gives | our unique perspectives as four environmental health interns who experienced, for the | first time, general environmental health practice through the eyes of practitioners. |
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