Last data update: Jan 27, 2025. (Total: 48650 publications since 2009)
Records 1-5 (of 5 Records) |
Query Trace: Chetlin RD[original query] |
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Comparison of the "tall and fall" versus "drop and drive" pitching styles: Analysis of Major League Baseball pitchers during a single season
Beaudry MF , Beaudry AG , Bradley JP , Haynes DE , Holland G , Edwards A , Baker BA , Jacobson BR , Chetlin RD . Orthop J Sports Med 2023 11 (5) 23259671231173691 BACKGROUND: Previous research has documented the proportion of "tall and fall" (TF) and "drop and drive" (DD) pitching styles among Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers who underwent ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR). The proportion of these 2 styles among all MLB pitchers remains unknown. PURPOSE: To determine the proportion of the TF and DD pitching styles in all rostered MLB pitchers during a single season as well as the proportion of TF and DD pitchers who sustained an upper extremity (UE) injury and those who underwent UCLR. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: Pitcher demographic characteristics from the 2019 MLB season and pitching information were obtained via open-access sources. Two-dimensional video analysis was used to categorize the included pitchers into TF and DD groups. Statistical comparisons and contrasts were made using 2-tailed t tests, chi-square tests, and Pearson correlation analyses as appropriate. RESULTS: Of the 660 MLB rostered pitchers in 2019 (age, 27.39 ± 3.51 years; body mass index, 26.34 ± 2.47 kg/m(2); fastball velocity, 150.49 ± 3.99 kph [93.51 ± 2.48 mph]), 412 (62.4%) pitchers used the TF style and 248 (37.6%) pitchers used the DD style. Significantly more UE injuries were seen in the TF group compared with the DD group (112 vs 38 injuries, respectively; P < .001). Twelve pitchers underwent UCLR (TF, 10; DD, 2), representing a 1.8% UCLR rate among all pitchers. This was a second surgery for 2 pitchers, both of whom used the TF pitching style. Significantly more pitchers in the TF group than the DD group had undergone UCLR before 2019 (135 vs 56 pitchers, respectively; P = .005). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study demonstrated a higher prevalence of both UE injury and prior UCLR in TF pitchers. Further research is needed to explore the potential association between pitching style and UE injury. |
Retrospective analysis of ulnar collateral ligament reconstructions in major league baseball pitchers: A comparison of the "tall and fall" versus "drop and drive" pitching styles
Beaudry MF , Beaudry AG , Bradley JP , Davis S , Baker BA , Holland G , Jacobson BR , Chetlin RD . Orthop J Sports Med 2022 10 (10) 23259671221128041 BACKGROUND: Previous pilot research has investigated differences in elbow valgus torque between the "tall and fall" (TF) and "drop and drive" (DD) pitching styles. Whether one of these pitching styles is associated with a greater rate of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR) is currently unknown. PURPOSE: To determine the proportion of Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers using the TF and DD pitching styles who underwent UCLR over a 10-year period. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: The demographic characteristics of pitchers who underwent UCLR between 2007 and 2017 were obtained via the open-source database MLB Player Analysis Tommy John Surgery List. Other information, such as previous UCLR and pitching videos and graphics, was obtained from other open-source databases. A comprehensive, 2-dimensional, kinesiology-based multicomponent definition of each pitching style was formulated and used to categorize the included pitchers into the TF and DD groups. Statistical comparisons and contrasts were made using chi-square and Pearson correlation tests. RESULTS: Included were 223 MLB pitchers (mean ± SD age, 27.5 ± 3.6 years; body mass index [BMI], 27.6 ± 2.2; throwing velocity, 92.9 ± 2.6 mph [149.5 ± 4.2 km/h]) who underwent UCLR between 2007 and 2017. Of these pitchers, 162 were categorized as TF pitchers (72.6%) and 61 as DD pitchers (27.4%). Pitching velocity for injured pitchers was significantly correlated to BMI (P < .001). We found no significant associations of pitching style with year of UCLR (P = .941), BMI (P = .549), age (P = .647), handedness (P = .501), or average pitch velocity (P = .921). CONCLUSION: The study findings demonstrated that a higher proportion of UCL-injured MLB pitchers (72.6%) used the TF pitching style. Further research is needed to explore the potential association between pitching style and UCL injury. |
Enhancement of skeletal muscle in aged rats following high-intensity stretch-shortening contraction training
Rader EP , Naimo MA , Layner KN , Triscuit AM , Chetlin RD , Ensey J , Baker BA . Rejuvenation Res 2016 20 (2) 93-102 Exercise is the most accessible, efficacious, and multifactoral intervention to improve health and treat chronic disease. High-intensity resistance exercise, in particular, also maximizes skeletal muscle size and strength - outcomes crucial at advanced age. However, such training is capable of inducing muscle maladaptation when misapplied at old age. Therefore, characterization of parameters (e.g. mode and frequency) which foster adaptation is an active research area. To address this issue, we utilized a rodent model that allowed training at maximal intensity in terms of muscle activation and tested the hypothesis that muscles of old rats adapt to stretch-shortening contraction training, provided the training frequency is sufficiently low. At termination of training, normalized muscle mass (i.e. muscle mass divided by tibia length) and muscle quality (isometric force divided by normalized muscle mass) were determined. For young rats, normalized muscle mass increased by ~20% regardless of training frequency. No difference was also observed for muscle quality values after 2 days vs 3 days per week training (0.65 +/- 0.09 N/mg/mm vs 0.59 +/- 0.05 N/mg/mm, respectively). For old rats following 3 days per week training, normalized muscle mass was unaltered and muscle quality was 30% lower than young levels. Following 2 days per week training at old age, normalized muscle mass increased by 17% and muscle quality was restored to young levels. To investigate this enhanced response, oxidative stress was assessed by lipid peroxidation quantification. For young rats, lipid peroxidation levels were unaltered by training. With aging, baseline levels of lipid peroxidation increased by 1.5-fold. For old rats, only 2 days per week training decreased lipid peroxidation to levels indistinguishable from young values. These results imply appropriately scheduled high-intensity stretch-shortening contraction training at old age is capable of restoring muscle to a younger phenotype in terms of lipid peroxidation levels and muscle quality. |
Age-dependent muscle adaptation after chronic stretch-shortening contractions in rats
Rader EP , Layner K , Triscuit AM , Chetlin RD , Ensey J , Baker BA . Aging Dis 2016 7 (1) 1-13 Age-related differences in contraction-induced adaptation have been well characterized especially for young and old rodent models but much less so at intermediate ages. Therefore, additional research is warranted to determine to what extent alterations in adaptation are due to maturation versus aging per se. The purpose of our study was to evaluate muscles of Fisher 344XBrown Norway rats of various ages following one month of exposure to stretch-shortening contractions (SSCs). With exposure, muscles mass increased by ~10% for 27 and 30 month old rats vs. ~20% for 3 and 6 month old rats (P < 0.05). For 3 month old rats, maximum isometric force and dynamic peak force increased by 22 +/- 8% and 27 +/- 10%, respectively (P < 0.05). For 6 month old rats, these forces were unaltered by exposure and positive work capacity diminished by 27 +/- 2% (P = 0.006). By 30 months of age, age-related deficits in maximum isometric force, peak force, negative work, and positive work were apparent and SSC exposure was ineffective at counteracting such deficits. Recovery from fatigue was also tested and exposure-induced improvements in fatigue recovery were indicated for 6 month old rats and to a lesser extent for 3 month old rats whereas no such effect was observed for older rats. Alterations in fatigue recovery were accompanied by evidence of substantial type IIb to IIx fiber type shifting. These results highlight the exceptional adaptive capacity for strength at a young age, the inclination for adaptation in fatigue recovery at early adulthood, and diminished adaptation for muscle performance in general beginning at late adulthood. Such findings motivate careful investigation to determine appropriate SSC exposures at all stages of life. |
Volitional weight-lifting in rats promotes adaptation via performance and muscle morphology prior to gains in muscle mass
Rader EP , Miller GR , Chetlin RD , Wirth O , Baker BA . Environ Health Insights 2014 8 1-9 Investigation of volitional animal models of resistance training has been instrumental in our understanding of adaptive training. However, these studies have lacked reactive force measurements, a precise performance measure, and morphological analysis at a distinct phase of training - when initial strength gains precede muscle hypertrophy. Our aim was to expose rats to one month of training (70 or 700 g load) on a custom-designed weight-lifting apparatus for analysis of reactive forces and muscle morphology prior to muscle hypertrophy. Exclusively following 700 g load training, forces increased by 21% whereas muscle masses remained unaltered. For soleus (SOL) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles, 700 g load training increased muscle fiber number per unit area by approximately 20% and decreased muscle fiber area by approximately 20%. Additionally, number of muscle fibers per section increased by 18% for SOL muscles. These results establish that distinct morphological alterations accompany early strength gains in a volitional animal model of load-dependent adaptive resistance training. |
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