<sec><title>BACKGROUND</title>Understanding the motivations behind clinical trial participation can help enhance recruitment strategies and determine the generalizability of trial results. This study focuses on the reasons for participating in or declining the Tuberculosis Trials Consortium Study 33 (iAdhere), a clinical trial on the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI).</sec><sec><title>METHODS</title>A quantitative evaluation was conducted among screened patients to ascertain their reasons for participating or not in the iAdhere trial. The study gathered data from enrolled participants and those who chose not to enroll.</sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title>Among 1,002 enrolled individuals, 290 participants provided 749 reasons for enrolling. The most common reasons included access to shorter treatment regimens (56%), avoiding progression to TB disease (45%), and improving health (21%). Of the 670 eligible persons who chose not to enroll, 551 individuals provided 800 reasons, with the most common being a preference for standard therapy (17%), disinterest in study medication or TB therapy (both 13%), and the inconvenience of daily observed treatment (12%).</sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title>The desire for shorter treatment options and preventing active disease motivates participation in LTBI trials. The diverse reasons for declining enrolment suggest the importance of developing targeted recruitment strategies. These findings support exploring shorter treatment regimens and can guide future recruitment efforts.</sec>.

HIV testing among persons with tuberculosis (TB) results in high-yield identification of persons infected with HIV. To evaluate differences in HIV testing among children versus adults with TB in Vietnam, we collected and analyzed age-disaggregated facility and aggregated provincial data from the National Tuberculosis Program. HIV testing was incompletely documented for >70% of children, whereas adult testing data were >90% complete. Standardized training of personnel for universal HIV testing and documentation for children with TB could improve HIV case-detection and permit linking of children with HIV to antiretroviral treatment to prevent morbidity and mortality.