Last data update: Jun 11, 2024. (Total: 46992 publications since 2009)
Records 1-10 (of 10 Records) |
Query Trace: Brown JL [original query] |
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Concordance of ethyl glucuronide, blood alcohol content, and self-reported alcohol use in Russian women with HIV and hepatitis C virus co-infection
Brown JL , Capasso A , Revzina N , Boeva E , Rassokhin V , Sales JM , Gutova LV , Khalezova NB , Hitch AE , Twitty TD , DiClemente RJ . AIDS Behav 2023 27 (12) 4062-4069 Problematic alcohol use is prevalent in Russia and is deleterious for individuals with HIV and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and blood alcohol content (BAC) provide Substance Use and Abuseobjective biomarkers of drinking that can be compared to self-reported alcohol use. This paper describes patterns of alcohol use measured by biomarkers and self-report along with concordance across measures. Participants were Russian women with HIV and HCV co-infection (N = 200; Mean age = 34.9) from two Saint Petersburg comprehensive HIV care centers enrolled in an alcohol reduction intervention clinical trial. Measures were: (a) urine specimen analyzed for EtG; (b) breathalyzer reading of BAC; and (c) self-reported frequency of drinking, typical number of drinks consumed, and number of standard drinks consumed in the past month. At baseline, 64.0% (n = 128) had a positive EtG (> 500 ng/mL) and 76.5% (n = 153) had a positive breathalyzer reading (non-zero reading). There was agreement between EtG and BAC (kappa = 0.66, p < .001; Phi coefficient = 0.69, p < .001); self-reported alcohol measures were positively correlated with positive EtG and BAC (p's < 0.001). There was concordance between EtG and BAC measures, which have differing alcohol detection windows. Most participants endorsed frequent drinking at high quantities, with very few reporting no alcohol consumption in the past month. Concordance between biomarkers and self-reported alcohol use suggests that underreporting of alcohol use was minimal. Results highlight the need for alcohol screening within HIV care. Implications for alcohol assessment within research and clinical contexts are discussed. |
2gether: A clinic-based intervention to increase dual protection from sexually transmitted infections and pregnancy in young African American females
Kottke MJ , Sales JM , Goedken P , Brown JL , Hatfield-Timajchy K , Koumans EH , Hardin JW , Kraft JM , Kourtis AP . J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2022 32 (1) 29-38 Background: To determine whether the 2gether intervention increases use of a dual protection (DP; concurrent prevention of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections [STIs]) strategy and decreases pregnancy and STIs among young African American females, who disproportionately experience these outcomes. Materials and Methods: We conducted a randomized clinical trial comparing the 2gether intervention to standard of care (SOC). Participants were self-identified African American females aged 14-19 years who were sexually active with a male partner in the past 6 months. Participants were followed for 12 months; 685 were included in the analytic sample. The primary biologic outcome was time to any incident biologic event (chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomonas infections, or pregnancy). The primary behavioral outcomes were use of and adherence to a DP strategy. Results: 2gether intervention participants had a decreased hazard of chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomonas infections, or pregnancy during follow-up, hazard ratio=0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58-0.92), and were more likely to report use of condoms plus contraception, generally, adjusted risk ratio (aRR)=1.61 (95% CI 1.15-2.26) and condoms plus an implant or intrauterine device (IUD), specifically, aRR=2.11 (95% CI 1.35-3.29) in the prior 3 months compared with those receiving SOC. 2gether participants were also more likely to report use of condoms plus an implant or IUD at last sex and consistently over the prior 3 months. Conclusions: 2gether was efficacious in increasing use of condoms with contraception and decreasing pregnancy or selected STIs in our participants. Implementation of this intervention in clinical settings serving young people with high rates of pregnancy and STIs may be beneficial. ClinicalTrials.gov, No. NCT02291224 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02291224term=2gether&draw=2&rank=5). |
Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (NNAL, NNN, NAT, and NAB) exposures in the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Wave 1 (2013-2014)
Xia B , Blount BC , Guillot T , Brosius C , Li Y , Van Bemmel DM , Kimmel HL , Chang CM , Borek N , Edwards KC , Lawrence C , Hyland A , Goniewicz ML , Pine BN , Xia Y , Bernert JT , De Castro BR , Lee J , Brown JL , Arnstein S , Choi D , Wade EL , Hatsukami D , Ervies G , Cobos A , Nicodemus K , Freeman D , Hecht SS , Conway K , Wang L . Nicotine Tob Res 2020 23 (3) 573-583 INTRODUCTION: The tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are an important group of carcinogens found in tobacco and tobacco smoke. To describe and characterize the levels of TSNAs in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Wave 1 (2013-2014), we present four biomarkers of TSNA exposure: N'-nitrosonornicotine, N'-nitrosoanabasine, N'-nitrosoanatabine, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) which is the primary urinary metabolite of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. METHODS: We measured total TSNAs in 11 522 adults who provided urine using automated solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. After exclusions in this current analysis, we selected 11 004 NNAL results, 10 753 N'-nitrosonornicotine results, 10 919 N'-nitrosoanatabine results, and 10 996 N'-nitrosoanabasine results for data analysis. Geometric means and correlations were calculated using SAS and SUDAAN. RESULTS: TSNA concentrations were associated with choice of tobacco product and frequency of use. Among established, every day, exclusive tobacco product users, the geometric mean urinary NNAL concentration was highest for smokeless tobacco users (993.3; 95% confidence interval [CI: 839.2, 1147.3] ng/g creatinine), followed by all types of combustible tobacco product users (285.4; 95% CI: [267.9, 303.0] ng/g creatinine), poly tobacco users (278.6; 95% CI: [254.9, 302.2] ng/g creatinine), and e-cigarette product users (6.3; 95% CI: [4.7, 7.9] ng/g creatinine). TSNA concentrations were higher in every day users than in intermittent users for all the tobacco product groups. Among single product users, exposure to TSNAs differed by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and education. Urinary TSNAs and nicotine metabolite biomarkers were also highly correlated. CONCLUSIONS: We have provided PATH Study estimates of TSNA exposure among US adult users of a variety of tobacco products. These data can inform future tobacco product and human exposure evaluations and related regulatory activities. |
Reproductive coercion among African American female adolescents: Associations with contraception and sexually transmitted diseases
Kraft JM , Snead MC , Brown JL , Sales JM , Kottke MJ , Hatfield-Timajchy K , Goedken P . J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2020 30 (3) 429-437 Background: Among adolescents, racial disparities in reproductive health outcomes persist. The question of whether reproductive coercion (RC) influences these outcomes has received increased attention. Little is known about whether RC is independently associated with contraceptive use and having a sexually transmitted disease (STD) among African American female adolescents. Materials and Methods: Survey data for self-identified African American young women 14-19 years of age (n = 735) who accessed services at a publicly funded clinic were used to assess the extent of RC, the association between RC and other forms of intimate partner violence (IPV), and whether RC was independently associated with contraceptive use and an STD diagnosis. Results: Approximately 20% of participants had experienced RC; there was a statistically significant bivariate association between RC and other forms of IPV. In multivariate analyses, experiencing two or more forms of RC (vs. not experiencing any RC) was associated with reduced odds of contraceptive use in the past 3 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.24-0.76) and with increased odds of having an STD (aOR = 2.43; 95% CI = 2.35-4.37). Experiencing only one type of RC and experiencing other forms of IPV were not associated with the outcomes. Although ease of partner communication (aOR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.80-0.98) was associated with having an STD, few other psychosocial variables were associated with the outcomes. Conclusions: RC is associated with reduced contraceptive use and increased STDs among African American adolescent women. Interventions to prevent and respond to RC that engage adolescent women and men are needed. |
Multiple psychosocial health problems and sexual risk among African American females in juvenile detention: A cross-sectional study
Fasula AM , Gray SC , Vereen RN , Carry M , Sales JM , Abad N , Brown JL , Swartzendruber A , Gelaude DJ . Child Youth Serv Rev 2018 88 74-80 Objectives: African American girls in juvenile detention are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and other psychosocial health problems, yet few studies have examined associations between experiencing multiple psychosocial health problems and sexual risk behaviors and STD diagnosis. Method: The study included 188 detained African American girls aged 13-17 years. We conducted three sets of logistic regressions. First, bivariate analyses assessed associations among seven psychosocial factors (substance use disorder; depression; post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]; emotional abuse; pregnancy coercion; physical abuse; and sexual abuse) and four outcomes (early sexual initiation; condomless sex; multiple sexual partners; self-reported STD) to examine their interrelationships. Second, we examined associations between experiencing multiple psychosocial factors and outcomes. Third, psychosocial factors were categorized into four domains: substance use disorder; mental health (depression, PTSD); psychological abuse (emotional abuse, pregnancy coercion); and violence (physical abuse, sexual abuse) and included as independent associations with each outcome to assess their relative importance. Results: Multiple interrelationships among psychosocial factors and outcomes were identified. An increase of one psychosocial health problem was associated with an 18% to 27% increased odds of sexual risk behaviors or a previous STD diagnosis. Reporting violence was associated with increased odds of having multiple partners (odds ratio = 3.31; confidence interval = 1.57-6.97), and experiencing psychological abuse was associated with increased odds of reporting an STD diagnosis (odds ratio = 3.95; confidence interval = 1.62-9.63). Conclusion: Multiple psychosocial health problems, particularly psychological abuse and violence, are associated with sexual risk and STDs in this vulnerable population. |
Contraceptive, condom and dual method use at last coitus among perinatally and horizontally HIV-infected young women in Atlanta, Georgia
Haddad LB , Brown JL , King C , Gause NK , Cordes S , Chakraborty R , Kourtis AP . PLoS One 2018 13 (9) e0202946 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate factors within the social-ecological framework associated with most or moderately effective contraception, condom and dual method use at last coitus among young, HIV-infected women in Atlanta. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted from November, 2013 until August, 2015 at the Grady Infectious Disease Clinic in Atlanta, Georgia. We recruited perinatally and horizontally HIV-infected women of ages 14-30 years to complete an audio computer-assisted self-interview. We evaluated factors within a social-ecological framework associated with most or moderately effective contraceptive use (hormonal contraception or an IUD), condom use, and dual method use (use of condom and most or moderately effective contraceptive) at last coitus. RESULTS: Of 103 women enrolled, 74 reported a history of sexual activity. The average age was 22.1; 89% were African American, 52% were perinatally infected, 89% received combination antiretroviral therapy, and 63% had undetectable viral loads. At last coitus, 46% reported most or moderately effective contraception, 62% reported condom use and 27% reporting dual-method use. The odds of most or moderately effective contraceptive use was significantly reduced among those with detectable viral loads (versus undetectable viral loads; aOR 0.13 [0.04, 0.38]). Older age (aOR 0.85 [0.74, 0.98] and more frequent coitus (>once/week versus < = once/week; aOR 0.24 [0.08, 0.72]) was significantly associated with reduced condom use. Having a detectable viral load (versus undetectable viral loads; aOR 0.13 [0.03, 0.69]) and more frequent coitus (>once/week versus < = once/week; aOR 0.14 [0.03,0.82]), was associated with reduced dual method use, while being enrolled in school (aOR 5.63 [1.53, 20.71]) was significantly associated with increased dual method use. CONCLUSIONS: Most or moderately effective contraception, condom and dual method use remained inadequate in this cohort of young HIV-infected women. Individual-level interventions are needed to increase the uptake of dual methods with user-independent contraceptives. |
Examining the contraceptive decisions of young, HIV-infected women: a qualitative study
Brown JL , Haddad LB , Gause NK , Cordes S , Bess C , King CC , Hatfield-Timajchy K , Chakraborty R , Kourtis A . Women Health 2018 59 (3) 305-317 This study qualitatively examined factors that influenced contraceptive choices in a sample of young, HIV-infected women. Individual qualitative interviews were conducted among 30 vertically- and horizontally-HIV-infected women (n = 26 African American) from the ages of 14 to 24 years (Mean age = 20.9 years). We recruited sample groups with the following characteristics: (a) current contraceptive/condom use with >/=1 child (n = 11); (b) current contraceptive/condom use with no children (n = 12); and (c) no current contraceptive/condom use with no children (n = 7). A semi-structured interview guide was used to ask participants about factors influencing past and current contraceptive choices. Individual interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim; analyses to identify core themes were informed by the Grounded Theoretical approach. Young, HIV-infected women did not identify their HIV serostatus or disease-related concerns as influential in their contraceptive decisions. However, they reported that recommendations from healthcare providers and input from family and friends influenced their contraceptive choices. They also considered a particular method's advantages (e.g., menstrual cycle improvements) and disadvantages (e.g., increased pill burden) when selecting a method. Findings suggested that HIV-infected young women's contraceptive decisions were influenced by factors other than those related to their infection. |
2GETHER - The Dual Protection Project: Design and rationale of a randomized controlled trial to increase dual protection strategy selection and adherence among African American adolescent females
Ewing AC , Kottke MJ , Kraft JM , Sales JM , Brown JL , Goedken P , Wiener J , Kourtis AP . Contemp Clin Trials 2016 54 1-7 BACKGROUND: African American adolescent females are at elevated risk for unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Dual protection (DP) is defined as concurrent prevention of pregnancy and STIs. This can be achieved by abstinence, consistent condom use, or the dual methods of condoms plus an effective non-barrier contraceptive. Previous clinic-based interventions showed short-term effects on increasing dual method use, but evidence of sustained effects on dual method use and decreased incident pregnancies and STIs are lacking. METHODS/DESIGN: This manuscript describes the 2GETHER Project. 2GETHER is a randomized controlled trial of a multi-component intervention to increase dual protection use among sexually active African American females aged 14-19years not desiring pregnancy at a Title X clinic in Atlanta, GA. The intervention is clinic-based and includes a culturally tailored interactive multimedia component and counseling sessions, both to assist in selection of a DP method and to reinforce use of the DP method. The participants are randomized to the study intervention or the standard of care, and followed for 12months to evaluate how the intervention influences DP method selection and adherence, pregnancy and STI incidence, and participants' DP knowledge, intentions, and self-efficacy. DISCUSSION: The 2GETHER Project is a novel trial to reduce unintended pregnancies and STIs among African American adolescents. The intervention is unique in the comprehensive and complementary nature of its components and its individual tailoring of provider-patient interaction. If the trial interventions are shown to be effective, then it will be reasonable to assess their scalability and applicability in other populations. |
Parenting among adolescents and young adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection in the United States: Challenges, unmet needs, and opportunities
Hatfield-Timajchy K , Brown JL , Haddad LB , Chakraborty R , Kourtis AP . AIDS Patient Care STDS 2016 30 (7) 315-23 Given the realistic expectations of HIV-infected adolescents and young adults (AYA) to have children and start families, steps must be taken to ensure that youth are prepared to deal with the challenges associated with their HIV and parenting. Literature reviews were conducted to identify published research and practice guidelines addressing parenting or becoming parents among HIV-infected AYA in the United States. Research articles or practice guidelines on this topic were not identified. Given the paucity of information available on this topic, this article provides a framework for the development of appropriate interventions and guidelines for use in clinical and community-based settings. First, the social, economic, and sexual and reproductive health challenges facing HIV-infected AYA in the United States are summarized. Next, family planning considerations, including age-appropriate disclosure of HIV status to those who are perinatally infected, and contraceptive and preconception counseling are described. The impact of early childbearing on young parents is discussed and considerations are outlined during the preconception, antenatal, and postnatal periods with regard to antiretroviral medications and clinical care guidelines. The importance of transitioning AYA from pediatric or adolescent to adult-centered medical care is highlighted. Finally, a comprehensive approach is suggested that addresses not only medical needs but also emphasizes ways to mitigate the impact of social and economic factors on the health and well-being of these young parents and their children. |
Efficacy of an HIV/STI sexual risk-reduction intervention for African American adolescent girls in juvenile detention centers: a randomized controlled trial
DiClemente RJ , Davis TL , Swartzendruber A , Fasula AM , Boyce L , Gelaude D , Gray SC , Hardin J , Rose E , Carry M , Sales JM , Brown JL , Staples-Horne M . Women Health 2014 54 (8) 726-49 Few HIV/STI interventions exist for African American adolescent girls in juvenile detention. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of an intervention to reduce incident STIs, improve HIV-preventive behaviors, and enhance psychosocial outcomes. We conducted a randomized controlled trial among African American adolescent girls (13-17 years, N = 188) in juvenile detention from March 2011 to May 2012. Assessments occurred at baseline and 3- and 6-months post-randomization and included: audio computer-assisted self-interview, condom skills assessment, and self-collected vaginal swab to detect Chlamydia and gonorrhea. The Imara intervention included three individual-level sessions and four phone sessions; expedited partner therapy was offered to STI-positive adolescents. The comparison group received the usual care provided by the detention center: STI testing, treatment, and counseling. At the 6-month assessment (3-months post-intervention), Imara participants reported higher condom use self-efficacy (p < 0.001), HIV/STI knowledge (p < 0.001), and condom use skills (p < 0.001) compared to control participants. No significant differences were observed between trial conditions in incident Chlamydia or gonorrhea infections, condom use, or number of vaginal sex partners. Imara for detained African American adolescent girls can improve condom use skills and psychosocial outcomes; however, a critical need for interventions to reduce sexual risk remains. |
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