Last data update: Nov 11, 2024. (Total: 48109 publications since 2009)
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Query Trace: Bopp CA[original query] |
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Erratum for Pattabiraman and Bopp, Draft Whole-Genome Sequences of 10 Serogroup O6 Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Strains.
Pattabiraman V , Bopp CA . Genome Announc 2016 4 (3) Volume 2, no. 6, e01274-14, 2014. Page 1: The first sentence of the third paragraph should read as follows. “The average size of the ETEC genomes in this study was 4.88 Mb; 2013EL-1320 (Table 1) had the smallest genome, at 4.71 Mb, and F6097 (Table 1) had the largest genome, at 5.18 Mb.” | | Page 1: In the last column of Table 1, the country/location of outbreak for ETEC isolates 2013EL-1319 and 2013EL-1320 should read “Haiti.” |
Correction for Pattabiraman and Bopp, Draft Whole-Genome Sequences of Nine Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Serogroup O6 Strains.
Pattabiraman V , Bopp CA . Genome Announc 2016 4 (3) Volume 3, no. 3, e00564-15, 2015. Page 1: The title should read as given above and the number of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) serogroup O6 strains in the study should be given as nine throughout because one of the ETEC strains was confirmed to be a non-O6 strain. | | Page 1: The third and fourth sentences of the second paragraph should read as follows. “The average size of the ETEC genomes in this study was 4.92 Mb; B1020-2 (Table 1) had the smallest genome, at 4.77 Mb, and K1884-sc (Table 1) had the largest genome, at 4.99 Mb. The average number of coding sequences (CDSs) in the ETEC genomes in this study was 4,809.” | | Page 1: In Table 1, the data for ETEC strain F6700 should be omitted because F6700 is a non-O6 strain. |
Unusually high illness severity and short incubation periods in two foodborne outbreaks of Salmonella Heidelberg infections with potential coincident Staphylococcus aureus intoxication
Nakao JH , Talkington D , Bopp CA , Besser J , Sanchez ML , Guarisco J , Davidson SL , Warner C , Mc Intyre Mg , Group JP , Comstock N , Xavier K , Pinsent TS , Brown J , Douglas JM , Gomez GA , Garrett NM , Carleton HA , Tolar B , Wise ME . Epidemiol Infect 2017 146 (1) 1-9 We describe the investigation of two temporally coincident illness clusters involving salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus in two states. Cases were defined as gastrointestinal illness following two meal events. Investigators interviewed ill persons. Stool, food and environmental samples underwent pathogen testing. Alabama: Eighty cases were identified. Median time from meal to illness was 5.8 h. Salmonella Heidelberg was identified from 27 of 28 stool specimens tested, and coagulase-positive S. aureus was isolated from three of 16 ill persons. Environmental investigation indicated that food handling deficiencies occurred. Colorado: Seven cases were identified. Median time from meal to illness was 4.5 h. Five persons were hospitalised, four of whom were admitted to the intensive care unit. Salmonella Heidelberg was identified in six of seven stool specimens and coagulase-positive S. aureus in three of six tested. No single food item was implicated in either outbreak. These two outbreaks were linked to infection with Salmonella Heidelberg, but additional factors, such as dual aetiology that included S. aureus or the dose of salmonella ingested may have contributed to the short incubation periods and high illness severity. The outbreaks underscore the importance of measures to prevent foodborne illness through appropriate washing, handling, preparation and storage of food. |
Multistate outbreak of human Salmonella Typhimurium infections linked to live poultry from agricultural feed stores and mail-order hatcheries, United States 2013
Anderson TC , Nguyen TA , Adams JK , Garrett NM , Bopp CA , Baker JB , McNeil C , Torres P , Ettestad PJ , Erdman MM , Brinson DL , Gomez TM , Barton Behravesh C . One Health 2016 2 144-149 Live poultry-associated salmonellosis is an emerging public health issue in the United States. Public and animal health officials collaborated to investigate one of the largest (356 cases, 39 states) of these outbreaks reported to date. A case was defined as illness in a person infected with the outbreak strain of Salmonella Typhimurium with illness onset between 1 March and 22 October 2013. The median patient age was seven years (range: < 1–87 years); 58% of ill persons were children ≤ 10 years, 51% were female, 25% were hospitalized; 189 (76%) of 250 patients reported live poultry exposure in the week before illness; and 149 (95%) of 157 reported purchasing live poultry from agricultural feed stores. Traceback investigations identified 18 live poultry sources, including 16 mail-order hatcheries. Environmental sampling was conducted at two mail-order hatcheries. One (2.5%) of 40 duplicate samples collected at one hatchery yielded the outbreak strain. Live poultry are an important source of human salmonellosis, particularly among children, highlighting the need for educational campaigns and comprehensive interventions at the mail-order hatchery and agricultural feed store levels. Prevention and control efforts depend on a One Health approach, involving cooperation between public and animal health officials, industry, health professionals, and consumers. |
Vibriosis, not cholera: toxigenic Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 infections in the United States, 1984-2014
Crowe SJ , Newton AE , Gould LH , Parsons MB , Stroika S , Bopp CA , Freeman M , Greene K , Mahon BE . Epidemiol Infect 2016 144 (15) 1-7 Toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 have caused cholera epidemics, but other serogroups - such as O75 or O141 - can also produce cholera toxin and cause severe watery diarrhoea similar to cholera. We describe 31 years of surveillance for toxigenic non-O1, non-O139 infections in the United States and map these infections to the state where the exposure probably originated. While serogroups O75 and O141 are closely related pathogens, they differ in how and where they infect people. Oysters were the main vehicle for O75 infection. The vehicles for O141 infection include oysters, clams, and freshwater in lakes and rivers. The patients infected with serogroup O75 who had food traceback information available ate raw oysters from Florida. Patients infected with O141 ate oysters from Florida and clams from New Jersey, and those who only reported being exposed to freshwater were exposed in Arizona, Michigan, Missouri, and Texas. Improving the safety of oysters, specifically, should help prevent future illnesses from these toxigenic strains and similar pathogenic Vibrio species. Post-harvest processing of raw oysters, such as individual quick freezing, heat-cool pasteurization, and high hydrostatic pressurization, should be considered. |
Real-Time TaqMan PCR Assay for the Detection of Heat-Labile and Heat-Stable Enterotoxin Genes in a Geographically Diverse Collection of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Strains and Stool Specimens.
Pattabiraman V , Parsons MB , Bopp CA . Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016 13 (4) 212-20 Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are an important cause of diarrhea in children under the age of 5 years in developing countries and are the leading bacterial agent of traveler's diarrhea in persons traveling to these countries. ETEC strains secrete heat-labile (LT) and/or heat-stable (ST) enterotoxins that induce diarrhea by causing water and electrolyte imbalance. We describe the validation of a real-time TaqMan PCR (RT-PCR) assay to detect LT, ST1a, and ST1b enterotoxin genes in E. coli strains and in stool specimens. We validated LT/ST1b duplex and ST1a single-plex RT-PCR assay using a conventional PCR assay as a gold standard with 188 ETEC strains and 42 non-ETEC strains. We validated LT/ST1b duplex and ST1a single-plex RT-PCR assay in stool specimens (n = 106) using traditional culture as the gold standard. RT- PCR assay sensitivities for LT, ST1a, and ST1b detection in strains were 100%, 100%, and 98%; specificities were 95%, 98%, and 99%, and Pearson correlation coefficient r was 0.9954 between RT-PCR assay and the gold standard. In stool specimens, RT-PCR assay sensitivities for LT, ST1a, and ST1b detection were 97%, 100%, and 97%; and specificities were 99%, 94%, and 97%. Pearson correlation coefficient r was 0.9975 between RT-PCR results in stool specimens and the gold standard. Limits of detection of LT, ST1a, and ST1b by RT-PCR assay were 0.1 to1.0 pg/muL and by conventional PCR assay were 100 to1000 pg/muL. The accuracy, rapidity and sensitivity of this RT-PCR assay is promising for ETEC detection in public health/clinical laboratories and for laboratories in need of an independent method to confirm results of other culture independent diagnostic tests. |
Draft Whole-Genome Sequences of 10 Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Serogroup O6 Strains.
Pattabiraman V , Bopp CA . Genome Announc 2015 3 (3) Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important cause of diarrhea in children under the age of 5 years and in adults living in developing countries, as well as in travelers to these countries. In this announcement, we release the draft whole-genome sequences of 10 ETEC serogroup O6 strains. |
Vibriosis
Janda JM , Newton AE , Bopp CA . Clin Lab Med 2015 35 (2) 273-88 Vibriosis is a group of intestinal and extraintestinal infections caused by marine-dwelling bacteria of the genus Vibrio. Infections range from indolent illnesses to fulminant diseases, including cholera and necrotizing fasciitis. Most illnesses result from direct contact with the marine environment or consumption of shellfish, especially oysters. In the United States vibrio infections are increasing but are underreported because of lack of clinical recognition and appropriate detection in the microbiology laboratory. Recent advances to aid in the detection and identification of vibrio illnesses in the laboratory include rapid identification tests, new media, and molecular identification systems. |
Insights into the environmental reservoir of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus using comparative genomics.
Hazen TH , Lafon PC , Garrett NM , Lowe TM , Silberger DJ , Rowe LA , Frace M , Parsons MB , Bopp CA , Rasko DA , Sobecky PA . Front Microbiol 2015 6 204 Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an aquatic halophilic bacterium that occupies estuarine and coastal marine environments, and is a leading cause of seafood-borne food poisoning cases. To investigate the environmental reservoir and potential gene flow that occurs among V. parahaemolyticus isolates, the virulence-associated gene content and genome diversity of a collection of 133 V. parahaemolyticus isolates were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis of housekeeping genes, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, demonstrated that there is genetic similarity among V. parahaemolyticus clinical and environmental isolates. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative analysis of six representative V. parahaemolyticus isolates was used to identify genes that are unique to the clinical and environmental isolates examined. Comparative genomics demonstrated an O3:K6 environmental isolate, AF91, which was cultured from sediment collected in Florida in 2006, has significant genomic similarity to the post-1995 O3:K6 isolates. However, AF91 lacks the majority of the virulence-associated genes and genomic islands associated with these highly virulent post-1995 O3:K6 genomes. These findings demonstrate that although they do not contain most of the known virulence-associated regions, some V. parahaemolyticus environmental isolates exhibit significant genetic similarity to clinical isolates. This highlights the dynamic nature of the V. parahaemolyticus genome allowing them to transition between aquatic and host-pathogen states. |
Draft Whole-Genome Sequences of 10 Serogroup O6 Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Strains.
Pattabiraman V , Bopp CA . Genome Announc 2014 2 (6) Entertotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of global diarrhea, resulting in approximately 200 million occurrences and 300,000 to 400,000 deaths annually, primarily in children under the age of five. Here, we announce the release of the draft genomes of 10 ETEC isolates belonging to serogroup O6. |
Draft Genome Sequences of Nine Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains from Kenya.
Hazen TH , Humphrys MS , Ochieng JB , Parsons M , Bopp CA , O'Reilly CE , Mintz E , Rasko DA . Genome Announc 2014 2 (3) We report here the draft genome sequences of nine enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains isolated from children in Kenya who died during hospitalization with diarrhea. Each of the isolates possess the EPEC adherence factor (EAF) plasmid encoding the bundle-forming pilus, which is characteristic of EPEC. These isolates represent diverse serogroups and EPEC phylogenomic lineages. |
Outbreaks of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infection: USA
Luna-Gierke RE , Griffin PM , Gould LH , Herman K , Bopp CA , Strockbine N , Mody RK . Epidemiol Infect 2014 142 (11) 1-11 Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections are increasingly detected, but sources are not well established. We summarize outbreaks to 2010 in the USA. Single-aetiology outbreaks were defined as 2 epidemiologically linked culture-confirmed non-O157 STEC infections; multiple-aetiology outbreaks also had laboratory evidence of 2 infections caused by another enteric pathogen. Twenty-six states reported 46 outbreaks with 1727 illnesses and 144 hospitalizations. Of 38 single-aetiology outbreaks, 66% were caused by STEC O111 (n = 14) or O26 (n = 11), and 84% were transmitted through food (n = 17) or person-to-person spread (n = 15); food vehicles included dairy products, produce, and meats; childcare centres were the most common setting for person-to-person spread. Of single-aetiology outbreaks, a greater percentage of persons infected by Shiga toxin 2-positive strains had haemolytic uraemic syndrome compared with persons infected by Shiga toxin 1-only positive strains (7% vs. 0.8%). Compared with single-aetiology outbreaks, multiple-aetiology outbreaks were more frequently transmitted through water or animal contact. |
Biochemical, serological, and virulence characterization of clinical and oyster Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates
Jones JL , Ludeke CH , Bowers JC , Garrett N , Fischer M , Parsons MB , Bopp CA , Depaola A . J Clin Microbiol 2012 50 (7) 2343-52 In this study, 77 clinical and 67 oyster Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from North America were examined for biochemical profiles, serotype, and the presence of potential virulence factors (tdh, trh, and type III secretion system [T3SS] genes). All isolates were positive for oxidase, indole, and glucose fermentation, consistent with previous reports. The isolates represented 35 different serotypes, 9 of which were shared by clinical and oyster isolates. Serotypes associated with pandemic strains (O1:KUT, O1:K25, O3:K6, and O4:K68) were observed for clinical isolates, and 7 (9%) oyster isolates belonged to serotype O1:KUT. Of the clinical isolates, 27% were negative for tdh and trh, while 45% contained both genes. Oyster isolates were preferentially selected for the presence of tdh and/or trh; 34% contained both genes, 42% had trh but not tdh, and 3% had tdh but not trh. All but 1 isolate (143/144) had at least three of the four T3SS1 genes examined. The isolates lacking both tdh and trh contained no T3SS2alpha or T3SS2beta genes. All clinical isolates positive for tdh and negative for trh possessed all T3SS2alpha genes, and all isolates negative for tdh and positive for trh possessed all T3SS2beta genes. The two oyster isolates containing tdh but not trh possessed all but the vopB2 gene of T3SS2alpha, as reported previously. In contrast to the findings of previous studies, all strains examined that were positive for both tdh and trh also carried T3SS2beta genes. This report identifies the serotype as the most distinguishing feature between clinical and oyster isolates. Our findings raise concerns about the reliability of the tdh, trh, and T3SS genes as virulence markers and highlight the need for more-detailed pathogenicity investigations of V. parahaemolyticus. |
Risk factors for death among children less than 5 years old hospitalized with diarrhea in rural western Kenya, 2005-2007: a cohort study
O'Reilly CE , Jaron P , Ochieng B , Nyaguara A , Tate JE , Parsons MB , Bopp CA , Williams KA , Vinje J , Blanton E , Wannemuehler KA , Vulule J , Laserson KF , Breiman RF , Feikin DR , Widdowson MA , Mintz E . PLoS Med 2012 9 (7) e1001256 BACKGROUND: Diarrhea is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Data on risk factors for mortality are limited. We conducted hospital-based surveillance to characterize the etiology of diarrhea and identify risk factors for death among children hospitalized with diarrhea in rural western Kenya. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We enrolled all children <5 years old, hospitalized with diarrhea (≥3 loose stools in 24 hours) at two district hospitals in Nyanza Province, western Kenya. Clinical and demographic information was collected. Stool specimens were tested for bacterial and viral pathogens. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify risk factors for death. From May 23, 2005 to May 22, 2007, 1,146 children <5 years old were enrolled; 107 (9%) children died during hospitalization. Nontyphoidal Salmonella were identified in 10% (118), Campylobacter in 5% (57), and Shigella in 4% (42) of 1,137 stool samples; rotavirus was detected in 19% (196) of 1,021 stool samples. Among stools from children who died, nontyphoidal Salmonella were detected in 22%, Shigella in 11%, rotavirus in 9%, Campylobacter in 5%, and S. Typhi in <1%. In multivariable analysis, infants who died were more likely to have nontyphoidal Salmonella (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 6.8; 95% CI 3.1-14.9), and children <5 years to have Shigella (aOR = 5.5; 95% CI 2.2-14.0) identified than children who survived. Children who died were less likely to be infected with rotavirus (OR = 0.4; 95% CI 0.2-0.8). Further risk factors for death included being malnourished (aOR = 4.2; 95% CI 2.1-8.7); having oral thrush on physical exam (aOR = 2.3; 95% CI 1.4-3.8); having previously sought care at a hospital for the illness (aOR = 2.2; 95% CI 1.2-3.8); and being dehydrated as diagnosed at discharge/death (aOR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.5-4.1). A clinical diagnosis of malaria, and malaria parasites seen on blood smear, were not associated with increased risk of death. This study only captured in-hospital childhood deaths, and likely missed a substantial number of additional deaths that occurred at home. CONCLUSION: Nontyphoidal Salmonella and Shigella are associated with mortality among rural Kenyan children with diarrhea who access a hospital. Improved prevention and treatment of diarrheal disease is necessary. Enhanced surveillance and simplified laboratory diagnostics in Africa may assist clinicians in appropriately treating potentially fatal diarrheal illness. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary. |
Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 in water and seafood, Haiti
Hill VR , Cohen N , Kahler AM , Jones JL , Bopp CA , Marano N , Tarr CL , Garrett NM , Boncy J , Henry A , Gomez GA , Wellman M , Curtis M , Freeman MM , Turnsek M , Benner RA Jr , Dahourou G , Espey D , DePaola A , Tappero JW , Handzel T , Tauxe RV . Emerg Infect Dis 2011 17 (11) 2147-2150 During the 2010 cholera outbreak in Haiti, water and seafood samples were collected to detect Vibrio cholerae. The outbreak strain of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 serotype Ogawa was isolated from freshwater and seafood samples. The cholera toxin gene was detected in harbor water samples. |
Rapid identification of vibrio parahaemolyticus by whole-cell matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry
Hazen TH , Martinez RJ , Chen Y , Lafon PC , Garrett NM , Parsons MB , Bopp CA , Sullards MC , Sobecky PA . Appl Environ Microbiol 2009 75 (21) 6745-56 Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a pathogenic marine bacterium that is the main causative agent of bacterial seafood borne gastroenteritis in the United States. An increase in the frequency of V. parahaemolyticus-related infections during the last decade has been attributed to the emergence of an O3:K6 pandemic clone in 1995. The diversity of the O3:K6 pandemic clone and serovariants has been examined using multiple molecular techniques including multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and group-specific PCR (GS-PCR) analysis. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has become a powerful tool for rapidly distinguishing between related bacterial species. In the current study we demonstrate the development of a whole-cell MALDI-TOF MS method for the identification of V. parahaemolyticus from other Vibrio spp. We identified 30 peaks that were present only in the spectra of the V. parahaemolyticus strains examined in this study that may be developed as MALDI-TOF MS biomarkers for identification of V. parahaemolyticus. We detected variation in the MALDI-TOF spectra of V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from different geographical locations and at different times. The MALDI-TOF MS spectra of the V. parahaemolyticus strains examined were distinct from the other Vibrios examined including the closely related V. alginolyticus, V. harveyi, and V. campbellii. The results of this study demonstrate the first use of whole-cell MALDI-TOF MS analysis for the rapid identification of V. parahaemolyticus. |
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