Last data update: Jan 27, 2025. (Total: 48650 publications since 2009)
Records 1-11 (of 11 Records) |
Query Trace: Boateng A[original query] |
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Rapid outbreak sequencing of Ebola virus in Sierra Leone identifies transmission chains linked to sporadic cases.
Arias A , Watson SJ , Asogun D , Tobin EA , Lu J , Phan MVT , Jah U , Wadoum REG , Meredith L , Thorne L , Caddy S , Tarawalie A , Langat P , Dudas G , Faria NR , Dellicour S , Kamara A , Kargbo B , Kamara BO , Gevao S , Cooper D , Newport M , Horby P , Dunning J , Sahr F , Brooks T , Simpson AJH , Groppelli E , Liu G , Mulakken N , Rhodes K , Akpablie J , Yoti Z , Lamunu M , Vitto E , Otim P , Owilli C , Boateng I , Okoror L , Omomoh E , Oyakhilome J , Omiunu R , Yemisis I , Adomeh D , Ehikhiametalor S , Akhilomen P , Aire C , Kurth A , Cook N , Baumann J , Gabriel M , Wölfel R , Di Caro A , Carroll MW , Günther S , Redd J , Naidoo D , Pybus OG , Rambaut A , Kellam P , Goodfellow I , Cotten M . Virus Evol 2016 2 (1) vew016 ![]() To end the largest known outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa and to prevent new transmissions, rapid epidemiological tracing of cases and contacts was required. The ability to quickly identify unknown sources and chains of transmission is key to ending the EVD epidemic and of even greater importance in the context of recent reports of Ebola virus (EBOV) persistence in survivors. Phylogenetic analysis of complete EBOV genomes can provide important information on the source of any new infection. A local deep sequencing facility was established at the Mateneh Ebola Treatment Centre in central Sierra Leone. The facility included all wetlab and computational resources to rapidly process EBOV diagnostic samples into full genome sequences. We produced 554 EBOV genomes from EVD cases across Sierra Leone. These genomes provided a detailed description of EBOV evolution and facilitated phylogenetic tracking of new EVD cases. Importantly, we show that linked genomic and epidemiological data can not only support contact tracing but also identify unconventional transmission chains involving body fluids, including semen. Rapid EBOV genome sequencing, when linked to epidemiological information and a comprehensive database of virus sequences across the outbreak, provided a powerful tool for public health epidemic control efforts. |
Use of supervision data to improve quality of care for malaria in pregnancy: Experience in six African countries
Wolf K , Mostel J , Oseni L , Gomez P , Kibuka T , Emerson C , Gutman JR , Malpass A , Youll S , Mukamba JY , Tchinda E , Achu D , Tjek P , Assa JL , Silue M , Tanoh MA , Kokrasset-Yah C , Babanawo F , Asiedu A , Komey M , Boateng P , Mabiria M , Ngindu A , Njiru P , Omar AH , Sidibe FA , Diallo C , Kamate B , Kone A , Elisha S , Maiga AD , Mayaki AI , Tidjani Issa Gana F , Tetteh G . Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023 Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) intervention coverage, especially intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp), lags behind other global malaria indicators. In 2020, across Africa, only 32% of eligible pregnant women received at least three IPTp doses, despite high antenatal care attendance. We conducted a secondary analysis of data collected during outreach, training, and supportive supervision visits from 2019 to 2020 to assess quality of care and explore factors contributing to providers' competence in providing IPTp, insecticide-treated nets, malaria case management, and respectful maternity care. Data were collected during observations of provider-patient interactions in six countries (Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, and Niger). Competency scores (i.e., composite scores of supervisory checklist observations) were calculated across three domains: MiP prevention, MiP treatment, and respectful maternity care. Scores are used to understand drivers of competency, rather than to assess individual health worker performance. Country-specific multilinear regressions were used to assess how competency score was influenced by commodity availability, training, provider gender and cadre, job aid availability, and facility type. Average competency scores varied across countries: prevention (44-90%), treatment (78-90%), and respectful maternity care (53-93%). The relative association of each factor with competency score varied. Commodity availability, training, and access to job aids correlated positively with competency in multiple countries. To improve MiP service quality, equitable access to training opportunities for different cadres, targeted training, and access to job aids and guidelines should be available for providers. Collection and analysis of routine supervision data can support tailored actions to improve quality MiP services. |
The promise of pre-exposure prophylaxis - examining awareness, knowledge, and willingness to use different modalities among US-based African immigrants
Aidoo-Frimpong G , Agbemenu K , Adzrago D , Akyirem S , Boateng S , Nelson LE . J Immigr Minor Health 2023 25 (6) 1331-1338 This study aims to describe and understand the relationship between sociodemographic factors and PrEP awareness, and willingness to use a PrEP modality (oral or injectable).Despite the availability of effective prevention tools such as HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), African immigrants in the United States are disproportionately affected by HIV. Although PrEP can significantly reduce HIV infection in this population, research evidence on PrEP outcomes, such as awareness, knowledge, and willingness to use, is extremely limited. Between April and May 2022, 92 participants completed an online survey assessing their awareness, knowledge, and willingness to use oral or injectable PrEP. The association between sociodemographic characteristics and PrEP-related measures was examined using descriptive and Pearson's chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests. Participants (N = 92) were born between 1990 and 1999 (46.7%), female (70.76%) and highly educated (59.6%). About 52.2% were unaware of PrEP, and 65.6% were willing to use a PrEP modality. Findings indicate that individuals who reported being aware of PrEP demonstrated a high level of knowledge regarding the medication. Having a healthcare provider was associated with PrEP awareness and willingness to use, while educational status was associated with PrEP awareness. 51.1% of participants were willing to use an oral pill for prevention and 47.8% were willing to use injectable PrEP. Our findings highlight the need for PrEP-related research and interventions for African immigrants to increase awareness and provide options for HIV prevention, as African immigrants are currently not well-represented in PrEP delivery systems in the US. |
Integrating multiple biomarkers to increase sensitivity for the detection of Onchocerca volvulus infection
Bennuru S , Oduro-Boateng G , Osigwe C , Del-Valle P , Golden A , Ogawa GM , Cama V , Lustigman S , Nutman TB . J Infect Dis 2019 221 (11) 1805-1815 Serological assessments for human onchocerciasis are based on IgG4 reactivity against the OV-16 antigen, with sensitivity around 60-80%. We previously identified 7 novel proteins that could enhance onchocerciasis sero-diagnosis. Further screening by luciferase immunoprecipitation assays identified OVOC10469 and OVOC3261 as the most promising candidates. IgG4-based ELISA using recombinant proteins, yielded sensitivities of 53% for rOVOC10469 and 78% for rOVOC3261, while specificity for each was >99%. Moreover, the newly-identified biomarkers detected some (but not all) of the mf-positive samples not detected by OV-16. The new antigens in combination with OV-16, increased the sensitivity for patent infections to 94%, demonstrating the benefits of adding a complementary antigen to OV-16-based serology. The kinetics of appearance of these IgG4 responses based on experimentally infected non-human primates indicated that they were patency driven. Of note, the IgG4 responses to both OVOC10469 and OVOC3261 (as well as to OV-16) drop significantly (p<0.05) following successful treatment for onchocerciasis. A prototype of a lateral flow rapid assay was developed and tested, showing an overall 94% sensitivity. These data showed that the combined use of rOVOC3261 with OV-16 improved case detection, a current and urgent need for the efforts to achieve the worldwide elimination of transmission of O. volvulus. |
Ancylostoma ceylanicum hookworm in Myanmar refugees, Thailand, 2012-2015
O'Connell EM , Mitchell T , Papaiakovou M , Pilotte N , Lee D , Weinberg M , Sakulrak P , Tongsukh D , Oduro-Boateng G , Harrison S , Williams SA , Stauffer WM , Nutman TB . Emerg Infect Dis 2018 24 (8) 1472-81 During 2012-2015, US-bound refugees living in Myanmar-Thailand border camps (n = 1,839) were surveyed for hookworm infection and treatment response by using quantitative PCR. Samples were collected at 3 time points: after each of 2 treatments with albendazole and after resettlement in the United States. Baseline prevalence of Necator americanus hookworm was 25.4%, Ancylostoma duodenale 0%, and Ancylostoma ceylanicum (a zoonosis) 5.4%. Compared with N. americanus prevalence, A. ceylanicum hookworm prevalence peaked in younger age groups, and blood eosinophil concentrations during A. ceylanicum infection were higher than those for N. americanus infection. Female sex was associated with a lower risk for either hookworm infection. Cure rates after 1 dose of albendazole were greater for A. ceylanicum (93.3%) than N. americanus (65.9%) hookworm (p<0.001). Lower N. americanus hookworm cure rates were unrelated to beta-tubulin single-nucleotide polymorphisms at codons 200 or 167. A. ceylanicum hookworm infection might be more common in humans than previously recognized. |
Engendering healthy masculinities to prevent sexual violence: Rationale for and design of the Manhood 2.0 trial
Abebe KZ , Jones KA , Culyba AJ , Feliz NB , Anderson H , Torres I , Zelazny S , Bamwine P , Boateng A , Cirba B , Detchon A , Devine D , Feinstein Z , Macak J , Massof M , Miller-Walfish S , Morrow SE , Mulbah P , Mulwa Z , Paglisotti T , Ripper L , Ports KA , Matjasko JL , Garg A , Kato-Wallace J , Pulerwitz J , Miller E . Contemp Clin Trials 2018 71 18-32 Violence against women and girls is an important global health concern. Numerous health organizations highlight engaging men and boys in preventing violence against women as a potentially impactful public health prevention strategy. Adapted from an international setting for use in the US, "Manhood 2.0" is a "gender transformative" program that involves challenging harmful gender and sexuality norms that foster violence against women while promoting bystander intervention (i.e., giving boys skills to interrupt abusive behaviors they witness among peers) to reduce the perpetration of sexual violence (SV) and adolescent relationship abuse (ARA). Manhood 2.0 is being rigorously evaluated in a community-based cluster-randomized trial in 21 lower resource Pittsburgh neighborhoods with 866 adolescent males ages 13-19. The comparison intervention is a job readiness training program which focuses on the skills needed to prepare youth for entering the workforce, including goal setting, accountability, resume building, and interview preparation. This study will provide urgently needed information about the effectiveness of a gender transformative program, which combines healthy sexuality education, gender norms change, and bystander skills to interrupt peers' disrespectful and harmful behaviors to reduce SV/ARA perpetration among adolescent males. In this manuscript, we outline the rationale for and evaluation design of Manhood 2.0. Clinical Trials #: NCT02427061. |
Comparative efficacy of low-dose versus standard-dose azithromycin for patients with yaws: a randomised non-inferiority trial in Ghana and Papua New Guinea
Mitja O , Bottomley C , Kwakye C , Houinei W , Bauri M , Adwere P , Abdulai AA , Dua F , Boateng L , Wangi J , Ohene SA , Wangnapi R , Simpson SV , Miag H , Addo KK , Basing LA , Danavall D , Chi KH , Pillay A , Ballard R , Solomon AW , Chen CY , Bieb SV , Adu-Sarkodie Y , Mabey DCW , Asiedu K . Lancet Glob Health 2018 6 (4) e401-e410 BACKGROUND: A dose of 30 mg/kg of azithromycin is recommended for treatment of yaws, a disease targeted for global eradication. Treatment with 20 mg/kg of azithromycin is recommended for the elimination of trachoma as a public health problem. In some settings, these diseases are co-endemic. We aimed to determine the efficacy of 20 mg/kg of azithromycin compared with 30 mg/kg azithromycin for the treatment of active and latent yaws. METHODS: We did a non-inferiority, open-label, randomised controlled trial in children aged 6-15 years who were recruited from schools in Ghana and schools and the community in Papua New Guinea. Participants were enrolled based on the presence of a clinical lesion that was consistent with infectious primary or secondary yaws and a positive rapid diagnostic test for treponemal and non-treponemal antibodies. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either standard-dose (30 mg/kg) or low-dose (20 mg/kg) azithromycin by a computer-generated random number sequence. Health-care workers assessing clinical outcomes in the field were not blinded to the patient's treatment, but investigators involved in statistical or laboratory analyses and the participants were blinded to treatment group. We followed up participants at 4 weeks and 6 months. The primary outcome was cure at 6 months, defined as lesion healing at 4 weeks in patients with active yaws and at least a four-fold decrease in rapid plasma reagin titre from baseline to 6 months in patients with active and latent yaws. Active yaws was defined as a skin lesion that was positive for Treponema pallidum ssp pertenue in PCR testing. We used a non-inferiority margin of 10%. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02344628. FINDINGS: Between June 12, 2015, and July 2, 2016, 583 (65.1%) of 895 children screened were enrolled; 292 patients were assigned a low dose of azithromycin and 291 patients were assigned a standard dose of azithromycin. 191 participants had active yaws and 392 had presumed latent yaws. Complete follow-up to 6 months was available for 157 (82.2%) of 191 patients with active yaws. In cases of active yaws, cure was achieved in 61 (80.3%) of 76 patients in the low-dose group and in 68 (84.0%) of 81 patients in the standard-dose group (difference 3.7%; 95% CI -8.4 to 15.7%; this result did not meet the non-inferiority criterion). There were no serious adverse events reported in response to treatment in either group. The most commonly reported adverse event at 4 weeks was gastrointestinal upset, with eight (2.7%) participants in each group reporting this symptom. INTERPRETATION: In this study, low-dose azithromycin did not meet the prespecified non-inferiority margin compared with standard-dose azithromycin in achieving clinical and serological cure in PCR-confirmed active yaws. Only a single participant (with presumed latent yaws) had definitive serological failure. This work suggests that 20 mg/kg of azithromycin is probably effective against yaws, but further data are needed. FUNDING: Coalition for Operational Research on Neglected Tropical Diseases. |
Assessment of National Public Health and Reference Laboratory, Accra, Ghana, within framework of global health security
Ogee-Nwankwo A , Opare D , Boateng G , Nyaku M , Haynes LM , Balajee SA , Conklin L , Icenogle JP , Rota PA , Waku-Kouomou D . Emerg Infect Dis 2017 23 (13) S121-5 The Second Year of Life project of the Global Health Security Agenda aims to improve immunization systems and strengthen measles and rubella surveillance, including building laboratory capacity. A new laboratory assessment tool was developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to assess the national laboratory in Ghana to improve molecular surveillance for measles and rubella. Results for the tool showed that the laboratory is well organized, has a good capacity for handling specimens, has a good biosafety system, and is proficient for diagnosis of measles and rubella by serologic analysis. However, there was little knowledge about molecular biology and virology activities (i.e., virus isolation on tissue culture was not available). Recommendations included training of technical personnel for molecular techniques and advocacy for funding for laboratory equipment, reagents, and supplies. |
Notes from the field: Ebola virus disease response activities during a mass displacement event after flooding - Freetown, Sierra Leone, September-November, 2015
Ratto J , Ivy W 3rd , Purfield A , Bangura J , Omoko A , Boateng I , Duffy N , Sims G , Beamer B , Pi-Sunyer T , Kamara S , Conteh S , Redd J . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016 65 (7) 188-189 Since the start of the Ebola virus disease (Ebola) outbreak in West Africa, Sierra Leone has reported 8,706 confirmed Ebola cases and 3,956 deaths (1). During September 15-16, 2015, heavy rains flooded the capital, Freetown, resulting in eight deaths, home and property destruction, and thousands of persons in need of assistance (2). By September 27, approximately 13,000 flood-affected persons registered for flood relief services from the government (3). On September 17, two stadiums in Freetown were opened to provide shelter and assistance to flood-affected residents; a total of approximately 3,000 persons stayed overnight in both stadiums (Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation, personal communication, September 2015). On the same day the stadiums were opened to flood-affected persons, the Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MoHS) and Western Area Ebola Response Center (WAERC) staff members from CDC, the World Health Organization (WHO), and the African Union evaluated the layout, logistics, and services at both stadiums and identified an immediate need to establish Ebola response activities. The patient in the last Ebola case in the Western Area, which includes Freetown, had died 37 days earlier, on August 11; however, transmission elsewhere in Sierra Leone was ongoing, and movement of persons throughout the country was common (4,5). |
A phase 3 trial of RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine in African infants
Agnandji ST , Lell B , Fernandes JF , Abossolo BP , Methogo BG , Kabwende AL , Adegnika AA , Mordmüller B , Issifou S , Kremsner PG , Sacarlal J , Aide P , Lanaspa M , Aponte JJ , Machevo S , Acacio S , Bulo H , Sigauque B , Macete E , Alonso P , Abdulla S , Salim N , Minja R , Mpina M , Ahmed S , Ali AM , Mtoro AT , Hamad AS , Mutani P , Tanner M , Tinto H , D'Alessandro U , Sorgho H , Valea I , Bihoun B , Guiraud I , Kaboré B , Sombié O , Guiguemdé RT , Ouédraogo JB , Hamel MJ , Kariuki S , Oneko M , Odero C , Otieno K , Awino N , McMorrow M , Muturi-Kioi V , Laserson KF , Slutsker L , Otieno W , Otieno L , Otsyula N , Gondi S , Otieno A , Owira V , Oguk E , Odongo G , Woods JB , Ogutu B , Njuguna P , Chilengi R , Akoo P , Kerubo C , Maingi C , Lang T , Olotu A , Bejon P , Marsh K , Mwambingu G , Owusu-Agyei S , Asante KP , Osei-Kwakye K , Boahen O , Dosoo D , Asante I , Adjei G , Kwara E , Chandramohan D , Greenwood B , Lusingu J , Gesase S , Malabeja A , Abdul O , Mahende C , Liheluka E , Malle L , Lemnge M , Theander TG , Drakeley C , Ansong D , Agbenyega T , Adjei S , Boateng HO , Rettig T , Bawa J , Sylverken J , Sambian D , Sarfo A , Agyekum A , Martinson F , Hoffman I , Mvalo T , Kamthunzi P , Nkomo R , Tembo T , Tegha G , Tsidya M , Kilembe J , Chawinga C , Ballou WR , Cohen J , Guerra Y , Jongert E , Lapierre D , Leach A , Lievens M , Ofori-Anyinam O , Olivier A , Vekemans J , Carter T , Kaslow D , Leboulleux D , Loucq C , Radford A , Savarese B , Schellenberg D , Sillman M , Vansadia P . N Engl J Med 2012 367 (24) 2284-95 BACKGROUND: The candidate malaria vaccine RTS,S/AS01 reduced episodes of both clinical and severe malaria in children 5 to 17 months of age by approximately 50% in an ongoing phase 3 trial. We studied infants 6 to 12 weeks of age recruited for the same trial. METHODS: We administered RTS,S/AS01 or a comparator vaccine to 6537 infants who were 6 to 12 weeks of age at the time of the first vaccination in conjunction with Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) vaccines in a three-dose monthly schedule. Vaccine efficacy against the first or only episode of clinical malaria during the 12 months after vaccination, a coprimary end point, was analyzed with the use of Cox regression. Vaccine efficacy against all malaria episodes, vaccine efficacy against severe malaria, safety, and immunogenicity were also assessed. RESULTS: The incidence of the first or only episode of clinical malaria in the intention-to-treat population during the 14 months after the first dose of vaccine was 0.31 per person-year in the RTS,S/AS01 group and 0.40 per person-year in the control group, for a vaccine efficacy of 30.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.6 to 36.1). Vaccine efficacy in the per-protocol population was 31.3% (97.5% CI, 23.6 to 38.3). Vaccine efficacy against severe malaria was 26.0% (95% CI, -7.4 to 48.6) in the intention-to-treat population and 36.6% (95% CI, 4.6 to 57.7) in the per-protocol population. Serious adverse events occurred with a similar frequency in the two study groups. One month after administration of the third dose of RTS,S/AS01, 99.7% of children were positive for anti-circumsporozoite antibodies, with a geometric mean titer of 209 EU per milliliter (95% CI, 197 to 222). CONCLUSIONS: The RTS,S/AS01 vaccine coadministered with EPI vaccines provided modest protection against both clinical and severe malaria in young infants. (Funded by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals and the PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative; RTS,S ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00866619.). |
First results of phase 3 trial of RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine in African children
Agnandji ST , Lell B , Soulanoudjingar SS , Fernandes JF , Abossolo BP , Conzelmann C , Methogo BG , Doucka Y , Flamen A , Mordmüller B , Issifou S , Kremsner PG , Sacarlal J , Aide P , Lanaspa M , Aponte JJ , Nhamuave A , Quelhas D , Bassat Q , Mandjate S , Macete E , Alonso P , Abdulla S , Salim N , Juma O , Shomari M , Shubis K , Machera F , Hamad AS , Minja R , Mtoro A , Sykes A , Ahmed S , Urassa AM , Ali AM , Mwangoka G , Tanner M , Tinto H , D'Alessandro U , Sorgho H , Valea I , Tahita MC , Kaboré W , Ouédraogo S , Sandrine Y , Guiguemdé RT , Ouédraogo JB , Hamel MJ , Kariuki S , Odero C , Oneko M , Otieno K , Awino N , Omoto J , Williamson J , Muturi-Kioi V , Laserson KF , Slutsker L , Otieno W , Otieno L , Nekoye O , Gondi S , Otieno A , Ogutu B , Wasuna R , Owira V , Jones D , Onyango AA , Njuguna P , Chilengi R , Akoo P , Kerubo C , Gitaka J , Maingi C , Lang T , Olotu A , Tsofa B , Bejon P , Peshu N , Marsh K , Owusu-Agyei S , Asante KP , Osei-Kwakye K , Boahen O , Ayamba S , Kayan K , Owusu-Ofori R , Dosoo D , Asante I , Adjei G , Adjei G , Chandramohan D , Greenwood B , Lusingu J , Gesase S , Malabeja A , Abdul O , Kilavo H , Mahende C , Liheluka E , Lemnge M , Theander T , Drakeley C , Ansong D , Agbenyega T , Adjei S , Boateng HO , Rettig T , Bawa J , Sylverken J , Sambian D , Agyekum A , Owusu L , Martinson F , Hoffman I , Mvalo T , Kamthunzi P , Nkomo R , Msika A , Jumbe A , Chome N , Nyakuipa D , Chintedza J , Ballou WR , Bruls M , Cohen J , Guerra Y , Jongert E , Lapierre D , Leach A , Lievens M , Ofori-Anyinam O , Vekemans J , Carter T , Leboulleux D , Loucq C , Radford A , Savarese B , Schellenberg D , Sillman M , Vansadia P . N Engl J Med 2011 365 (20) 1863-75 BACKGROUND: An ongoing phase 3 study of the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of candidate malaria vaccine RTS,S/AS01 is being conducted in seven African countries. METHODS: From March 2009 through January 2011, we enrolled 15,460 children in two age categories--6 to 12 weeks of age and 5 to 17 months of age--for vaccination with either RTS,S/AS01 or a non-malaria comparator vaccine. The primary end point of the analysis was vaccine efficacy against clinical malaria during the 12 months after vaccination in the first 6000 children 5 to 17 months of age at enrollment who received all three doses of vaccine according to protocol. After 250 children had an episode of severe malaria, we evaluated vaccine efficacy against severe malaria in both age categories. RESULTS: In the 14 months after the first dose of vaccine, the incidence of first episodes of clinical malaria in the first 6000 children in the older age category was 0.32 episodes per person-year in the RTS,S/AS01 group and 0.55 episodes per person-year in the control group, for an efficacy of 50.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 45.8 to 54.6) in the intention-to-treat population and 55.8% (97.5% CI, 50.6 to 60.4) in the per-protocol population. Vaccine efficacy against severe malaria was 45.1% (95% CI, 23.8 to 60.5) in the intention-to-treat population and 47.3% (95% CI, 22.4 to 64.2) in the per-protocol population. Vaccine efficacy against severe malaria in the combined age categories was 34.8% (95% CI, 16.2 to 49.2) in the per-protocol population during an average follow-up of 11 months. Serious adverse events occurred with a similar frequency in the two study groups. Among children in the older age category, the rate of generalized convulsive seizures after RTS,S/AS01 vaccination was 1.04 per 1000 doses (95% CI, 0.62 to 1.64). CONCLUSIONS: The RTS,S/AS01 vaccine provided protection against both clinical and severe malaria in African children. (Funded by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals and the PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative; RTS,S ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00866619 .) |
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