Last data update: Jul 01, 2024. (Total: 47134 publications since 2009)
Records 1-15 (of 15 Records) |
Query Trace: Bhuiya F [original query] |
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Systematic Review of Self-Measured Blood Pressure Monitoring With Support: Intervention Effectiveness and Cost
Shantharam SS , Mahalingam M , Rasool A , Reynolds JA , Bhuiya AR , Satchell TD , Chapel JM , Hawkins NA , Jones CD , Jacob V , Hopkins DP . Am J Prev Med 2021 62 (2) 285-298 INTRODUCTION: Self-measured blood pressure monitoring with support is an evidence-based intervention that helps patients control their blood pressure. This systematic economic review describes how certain intervention aspects contribute to effectiveness, intervention cost, and intervention cost per unit of the effectiveness of self-measured blood pressure monitoring with support. METHODS: Papers published between data inception and March 2021 were identified from a database search and manual searches. Papers were included if they focused on self-measured blood pressure monitoring with support and reported blood pressure change and intervention cost. Papers focused on preeclampsia, kidney disease, or drug efficacy were excluded. Quality of estimates was assessed for effectiveness, cost, and cost per unit of effectiveness. Patient characteristics and intervention features were analyzed in 2021 to determine how they impacted effectiveness, intervention cost, and intervention cost per unit of effectiveness. RESULTS: A total of 22 studies were included in this review from papers identified in the search. Type of support was not associated with differences in cost and cost per unit of effectiveness. Lower cost and cost per unit of effectiveness were achieved with simple technologies such as interactive phone systems, smartphones, and websites and where providers interacted with patients only as needed. DISCUSSION: Some of the included studies provided only limited information on key outcomes of interest to this review. However, the strength of this review is the systematic collection and synthesis of evidence that revealed the associations between the characteristics of implemented interventions and their patients and the interventions' effectiveness and cost, a useful contribution to the fields of both research and implementation. |
Processes for Implementing Community Health Worker Workforce Development Initiatives
Barbero C , Mason T , Rush C , Sugarman M , Bhuiya AR , Fulmer EB , Feldstein J , Cottoms N , Wennerstrom A . Front Public Health 2021 9 659017 Introduction: The objective of this observational, cross-sectional study was to identify, document, and assess the progress made to date in implementing various processes involved in statewide community health worker (CHW) workforce development initiatives. Methods: From September 2017 to December 2020, we developed and applied a conceptual model of processes involved in implementing statewide CHW initiatives. One or more outputs were identified for each model process and assessed across the 50 states, D.C., and Puerto Rico using peer-reviewed and gray literature available as of September 2020. Results: Twelve statewide CHW workforce development processes were identified, and 21 outputs were assessed. We found an average of eight processes implemented per state, with seven states implementing all 12 processes. As of September 2020, 45 states had a multi-stakeholder CHW coalition and 31 states had a statewide CHW organization. In 20 states CHWs were included in Medicaid Managed Care Organizations or Health Plans. We found routine monitoring of statewide CHW employment in six states. Discussion: Stakeholders have advanced statewide CHW workforce development initiatives using the processes reflected in our conceptual model. Our results could help to inform future CHW initiative design, measurement, monitoring, and evaluation efforts, especially at the state level. |
Translating workforce development policy interventions for community health workers: Application of a policy research continuum
Fulmer EB , Barbero C , Gilchrist S , Shantharam SS , Bhuiya AR , Taylor LN , Jones CD . J Public Health Manag Pract 2020 26 Suppl 2 S10-s18 CONTEXT: There is a need for knowledge translation to advance health equity in the prevention and control of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. One recommended strategy is engaging community health workers (CHWs) to have a central role in related interventions. Despite strong evidence of effectiveness for CHWs, there is limited information examining the impact of state CHW policy interventions. This article describes the application of a policy research continuum to enhance knowledge translation of CHW workforce development policy in the United States. METHODS: During 2016-2019, a team of public health researchers and practitioners applied the policy research continuum, a multiphased systematic assessment approach that incorporates legal epidemiology to enhance knowledge translation of CHW workforce development policy interventions in the United States. The continuum consists of 5 discrete, yet interconnected, phases including early evidence assessments, policy surveillance, implementation studies, policy ratings, and impact studies. RESULTS: Application of the first 3 phases of the continuum demonstrated (1) how CHW workforce development policy interventions are linked to strong evidence bases, (2) whether existing state CHW laws are evidence-informed, and (3) how different state approaches were implemented. DISCUSSION: As a knowledge translation tool, the continuum enhances dissemination of timely, useful information to inform decision making and supports the effective implementation and scale-up of science-based policy interventions. When fully implemented, it assists public health practitioners in examining the utility of different policy intervention approaches, the effects of adaptation, and the linkages between policy interventions and more distal public health outcomes. |
Establishing a baseline: Evidence-supported state laws to advance stroke care
Gilchrist S , Sloan AA , Bhuiya AR , Taylor LN , Shantharam SS , Barbero C , Fulmer EB . J Public Health Manag Pract 2020 26 Suppl 2 S19-s28 OBJECTIVE: Approximately 800 000 strokes occur annually in the United States. Stroke systems of care policies addressing prehospital and in-hospital care have been proposed to improve access to time-sensitive, lifesaving treatments for stroke. Policy surveillance of stroke systems of care laws supported by best available evidence could reveal potential strengths and weaknesses in how stroke care delivery is regulated across the nation. DESIGN: This study linked the results of an early evidence assessment of 15 stroke systems of care policy interventions supported by best available evidence to a legal data set of the body of law in effect on January 1, 2018, for the 50 states and Washington, District of Columbia. RESULTS: As of January 1, 2018, 39 states addressed 1 or more aspects of prehospital or in-hospital stroke care in law; 36 recognized at least 1 type of stroke center. Thirty states recognizing stroke centers also had evidence-supported prehospital policy interventions authorized in law. Four states authorized 10 or more of 15 evidence-supported policy interventions. Some combinations of prehospital and in-hospital policy interventions were more prevalent than other combinations. CONCLUSION: The analysis revealed that many states had a stroke regulatory infrastructure for in-hospital care that is supported by best available evidence. However, there are gaps in how state law integrates evidence-supported prehospital and in-hospital care that warrant further study. This study provides a baseline for ongoing policy surveillance and serves as a basis for subsequent stroke systems of care policy implementation and policy impact studies. |
A replicable approach to promoting best practices: Translating cardiovascular disease prevention research
Hawkins NA , Bhuiya AR , Shantharam S , Chapel JM , Taylor LN , Thigpen S , Decker A , Moeti R , Bernard S , Jones CD , Schooley M . J Public Health Manag Pract 2020 27 (2) 109-116 OBJECTIVE: Significant delays in translating health care-related research into public health programs and medical practice mean that people may not get the best care when they need it. Regarding cardiovascular disease, translation delays can mean lives may be unnecessarily lost each year. To facilitate the translation of knowledge to action, we created a Best Practices Guide for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Programs. DESIGN: Using the Rapid Synthesis Translation Process and the Best Practices Framework as guiding frameworks, we collected and rated research evidence for hypertension control and cholesterol management strategies. After identifying best practices, we gathered information about programs that were implementing the practices and about resources useful for implementation. Research evidence and supplementary information were consolidated in an informational resource and published online. Web metrics were collected and analyzed to measure use and reach of the guide. RESULTS: The Best Practices Guide was released in January 2018 and included background information and resources on 8 best practice strategies. It was published as an online resource, publicly accessible from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Web site in 2 different formats. Web metrics show that in the first year after publication, there were 25 589 Web page views and 2467 downloads. A query of partner use of the guide indicated that it was often shared in partners' own resources, newsletters, and online material. CONCLUSION: In following a systematic approach to creating the Best Practices Guide and documenting the steps taken in its development, we offer a replicable approach for translating research on health care practices into a resource to facilitate implementation. The success of this approach is attributed to 3 key factors: using a prescribed and documented approach to evidence translation, working closely with stakeholders throughout the process, and prioritizing the content design and accessibility of the final product. |
Mapping and analysis of US state and urban local sodium reduction laws
Sloan AA , Keane T , Pettie JR , Bhuiya AR , Taylor LN , Bates M , Bernard S , Akinleye F , Gilchrist S . J Public Health Manag Pract 2020 26 Suppl 2 S62-s70 CONTEXT: Excessive sodium consumption contributes to high blood pressure, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVES: To (1) identify state and urban local laws addressing adult or general population sodium consumption in foods and beverages and (2) align findings to a previously published evidence classification review, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sodium Quality and Impact of Component (QuIC) evidence assessment. DESIGN: Systematic collection of sodium reduction laws from all 50 states, the 20 most populous counties in the United States, and the 20 most populous cities in the United States, including Washington, District of Columbia, effective on January 1, 2019. Relevant laws were assigned to 1 or more of 6 interventions: (1) provision of sodium information in restaurants or at point of purchase; (2) consumer incentives to purchase lower sodium foods; and provision of lower sodium offerings in (3) workplaces, (4) vending machines, (5) institutional meal services, and (6) grocery, corner, and convenience stores. The researchers used Westlaw, local policy databases or city Web sites, and general nutrition policy databases to identify relevant laws. RESULTS: Thirty-nine sodium reduction laws and 10 state laws preempting localities from enacting sodium reduction laws were identified. Sodium reduction laws were more common in local jurisdictions and in the Western United States. Sodium reduction laws addressing meal services (n = 17), workplaces (n = 12), labeling (n = 13), and vending machines (n = 11) were more common, while those addressing grocery stores (n = 2) or consumer incentives (n = 6) were less common. Laws with high QuIC evidence classifications were generally more common than laws with low QuIC evidence classifications. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of sodium laws in the US differed by region, QuIC classification, and jurisdiction type, indicating influence from public health and nonpublic health factors. Ongoing research is warranted to determine how the strength of public health evidence evolves over time and how those changes correlate with uptake of sodium reduction law. |
Strategies to build readiness in community mobilization efforts for implementation in a multi-year teen pregnancy prevention initiative
Bhuiya N , House LD , Desmarais J , Fletcher E , Conlin M , Perez-McAdoo S , Waggett J , Tendulkar SA . J Adolesc Health 2017 60 S51-s56 PURPOSE: This paper describes an assessment of community readiness to implement a community-wide teen pregnancy prevention initiative, Youth First, and presents strategies used to enhance this readiness as informed by the assessment. METHODS: Twenty-five community stakeholder interviews were conducted to assess four domains of readiness: (1) attitudes, perception, and knowledge of teen pregnancy; (2) perceived level of readiness; (3) resources, existing and current efforts; and (4) leadership. Interview transcripts were coded and analyzed to identify key themes. RESULTS: Stakeholders acknowledged teen pregnancy as an issue but lacked contextual information. They also perceived the community as ready to address the issue and recognized some organizations already championing efforts. However, many key players were not involved, and ongoing data collection to assess teen pregnancy and prevention efforts was limited. Though many stakeholders were ready to engage in teen pregnancy prevention efforts, they required additional information and training to appropriately address the issue. CONCLUSIONS: In response to the assessment findings, several strategies were applied to address readiness and build Youth First partners' capacity to implement the community-wide initiative. Thus, to successfully implement community-wide prevention efforts, it is valuable to assess the level of community readiness to address health issues. |
Malaria mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH health and demographic surveillance system sites
Streatfield PK , Khan WA , Bhuiya A , Hanifi SM , Alam N , Diboulo E , Sie A , Ye M , Compaore Y , Soura AB , Bonfoh B , Jaeger F , Ngoran EK , Utzinger J , Melaku YA , Mulugeta A , Weldearegawi B , Gomez P , Jasseh M , Hodgson A , Oduro A , Welaga P , Williams J , Awini E , Binka FN , Gyapong M , Kant S , Misra P , Srivastava R , Chaudhary B , Juvekar S , Wahab A , Wilopo S , Bauni E , Mochamah G , Ndila C , Williams TN , Hamel MJ , Lindblade KA , Odhiambo FO , Slutsker L , Ezeh A , Kyobutungi C , Wamukoya M , Delaunay V , Diallo A , Douillot L , Sokhna C , Gómez-Olivé FX , Kabudula CW , Mee P , Herbst K , Mossong J , Chuc NT , Arthur SS , Sankoh OA , Tanner M , Byass P . Glob Health Action 2014 7 25369 BACKGROUND: Malaria continues to be a major cause of infectious disease mortality in tropical regions. However, deaths from malaria are most often not individually documented, and as a result overall understanding of malaria epidemiology is inadequate. INDEPTH Network members maintain population surveillance in Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites across Africa and Asia, in which individual deaths are followed up with verbal autopsies. OBJECTIVE: To present patterns of malaria mortality determined by verbal autopsy from INDEPTH sites across Africa and Asia, comparing these findings with other relevant information on malaria in the same regions. DESIGN: From a database covering 111,910 deaths over 12,204,043 person-years in 22 sites, in which verbal autopsy data were handled according to the WHO 2012 standard and processed using the InterVA-4 model, over 6,000 deaths were attributed to malaria. The overall period covered was 1992-2012, but two-thirds of the observations related to 2006-2012. These deaths were analysed by site, time period, age group and sex to investigate epidemiological differences in malaria mortality. RESULTS: Rates of malaria mortality varied by 1:10,000 across the sites, with generally low rates in Asia (one site recording no malaria deaths over 0.5 million person-years) and some of the highest rates in West Africa (Nouna, Burkina Faso: 2.47 per 1,000 person-years). Childhood malaria mortality rates were strongly correlated with Malaria Atlas Project estimates of Plasmodium falciparum parasite rates for the same locations. Adult malaria mortality rates, while lower than corresponding childhood rates, were strongly correlated with childhood rates at the site level. CONCLUSIONS: The wide variations observed in malaria mortality, which were nevertheless consistent with various other estimates, suggest that population-based registration of deaths using verbal autopsy is a useful approach to understanding the details of malaria epidemiology. |
Mortality from external causes in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites
Streatfield PK , Khan WA , Bhuiya A , Hanifi SM , Alam N , Diboulo E , Niamba L , Sie A , Lankoande B , Millogo R , Soura AB , Bonfoh B , Kone S , Ngoran EK , Utzinger J , Ashebir Y , Melaku YA , Weldearegawi B , Gomez P , Jasseh M , Azongo D , Oduro A , Wak G , Wontuo P , Attaa-Pomaa M , Gyapong M , Manyeh AK , Kant S , Misra P , Rai SK , Juvekar S , Patil R , Wahab A , Wilopo S , Bauni E , Mochamah G , Ndila C , Williams TN , Khaggayi C , Nyaguara A , Obor D , Odhiambo FO , Ezeh A , Oti S , Wamukoya M , Chihana M , Crampin A , Collinson MA , Kabudula CW , Wagner R , Herbst K , Mossong J , Emina JB , Sankoh OA , Byass P . Glob Health Action 2014 7 25366 BACKGROUND: Mortality from external causes, of all kinds, is an important component of overall mortality on a global basis. However, these deaths, like others in Africa and Asia, are often not counted or documented on an individual basis. Overviews of the state of external cause mortality in Africa and Asia are therefore based on uncertain information. The INDEPTH Network maintains longitudinal surveillance, including cause of death, at population sites across Africa and Asia, which offers important opportunities to document external cause mortality at the population level across a range of settings. OBJECTIVE: To describe patterns of mortality from external causes at INDEPTH Network sites across Africa and Asia, according to the WHO 2012 verbal autopsy (VA) cause categories. DESIGN: All deaths at INDEPTH sites are routinely registered and followed up with VA interviews. For this study, VA archives were transformed into the WHO 2012 VA standard format and processed using the InterVA-4 model to assign cause of death. Routine surveillance data also provide person-time denominators for mortality rates. RESULTS: A total of 5,884 deaths due to external causes were documented over 11,828,253 person-years. Approximately one-quarter of those deaths were to children younger than 15 years. Causes of death were dominated by childhood drowning in Bangladesh, and by transport-related deaths and intentional injuries elsewhere. Detailed mortality rates are presented by cause of death, age group, and sex. CONCLUSIONS: The patterns of external cause mortality found here generally corresponded with expectations and other sources of information, but they fill some important gaps in population-based mortality data. They provide an important source of information to inform potentially preventive intervention designs. |
HIV/AIDS-related mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites
Streatfield PK , Khan WA , Bhuiya A , Hanifi SM , Alam N , Millogo O , Sie A , Zabre P , Rossier C , Soura AB , Bonfoh B , Kone S , Ngoran EK , Utzinger J , Abera SF , Melaku YA , Weldearegawi B , Gomez P , Jasseh M , Ansah P , Azongo D , Kondayire F , Oduro A , Amu A , Gyapong M , Kwarteng O , Kant S , Pandav CS , Rai SK , Juvekar S , Muralidharan V , Wahab A , Wilopo S , Bauni E , Mochamah G , Ndila C , Williams TN , Khagayi S , Laserson KF , Nyaguara A , Van Eijk AM , Ezeh A , Kyobutungi C , Wamukoya M , Chihana M , Crampin A , Price A , Delaunay V , Diallo A , Douillot L , Sokhna C , Gómez-Olivé FX , Mee P , Tollman SM , Herbst K , Mossong J , Chuc NT , Arthur SS , Sankoh OA , Byass P . Glob Health Action 2014 7 25370 BACKGROUND: As the HIV/AIDS pandemic has evolved over recent decades, Africa has been the most affected region, even though a large proportion of HIV/AIDS deaths have not been documented at the individual level. Systematic application of verbal autopsy (VA) methods in defined populations provides an opportunity to assess the mortality burden of the pandemic from individual data. OBJECTIVE: To present standardised comparisons of HIV/AIDS-related mortality at sites across Africa and Asia, including closely related causes of death such as pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and pneumonia. DESIGN: Deaths related to HIV/AIDS were extracted from individual demographic and VA data from 22 INDEPTH sites across Africa and Asia. VA data were standardised to WHO 2012 standard causes of death assigned using the InterVA-4 model. Between-site comparisons of mortality rates were standardised using the INDEPTH 2013 standard population. RESULTS: The dataset covered a total of 10,773 deaths attributed to HIV/AIDS, observed over 12,204,043 person-years. HIV/AIDS-related mortality fractions and mortality rates varied widely across Africa and Asia, with highest burdens in eastern and southern Africa, and lowest burdens in Asia. There was evidence of rapidly declining rates at the sites with the heaviest burdens. HIV/AIDS mortality was also strongly related to PTB mortality. On a country basis, there were strong similarities between HIV/AIDS mortality rates at INDEPTH sites and those derived from modelled estimates. CONCLUSIONS: Measuring HIV/AIDS-related mortality continues to be a challenging issue, all the more so as anti-retroviral treatment programmes alleviate mortality risks. The congruence between these results and other estimates adds plausibility to both approaches. These data, covering some of the highest mortality observed during the pandemic, will be an important baseline for understanding the future decline of HIV/AIDS. |
Adult non-communicable disease mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites
Streatfield PK , Khan WA , Bhuiya A , Hanifi SM , Alam N , Bagagnan CH , Sie A , Zabre P , Lankoande B , Rossier C , Soura AB , Bonfoh B , Kone S , Ngoran EK , Utzinger J , Haile F , Melaku YA , Weldearegawi B , Gomez P , Jasseh M , Ansah P , Debpuur C , Oduro A , Wak G , Adjei A , Gyapong M , Sarpong D , Kant S , Misra P , Rai SK , Juvekar S , Lele P , Bauni E , Mochamah G , Ndila C , Williams TN , Laserson KF , Nyaguara A , Odhiambo FO , Phillips-Howard P , Ezeh A , Kyobutungi C , Oti S , Crampin A , Nyirenda M , Price A , Delaunay V , Diallo A , Douillot L , Sokhna C , Gómez-Olivé FX , Kahn K , Tollman SM , Herbst K , Mossong J , Chuc NT , Bangha M , Sankoh OA , Byass P . Glob Health Action 2014 7 25365 BACKGROUND: Mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a major global issue, as other categories of mortality have diminished and life expectancy has increased. The World Health Organization's Member States have called for a 25% reduction in premature NCD mortality by 2025, which can only be achieved by substantial reductions in risk factors and improvements in the management of chronic conditions. A high burden of NCD mortality among much older people, who have survived other hazards, is inevitable. The INDEPTH Network collects detailed individual data within defined Health and Demographic Surveillance sites. By registering deaths and carrying out verbal autopsies to determine cause of death across many such sites, using standardised methods, the Network seeks to generate population-based mortality statistics that are not otherwise available. OBJECTIVE: To describe patterns of adult NCD mortality from INDEPTH Network sites across Africa and Asia, according to the WHO 2012 verbal autopsy (VA) cause categories, with separate consideration of premature (15-64 years) and older (65+ years) NCD mortality. DESIGN: All adult deaths at INDEPTH sites are routinely registered and followed up with VA interviews. For this study, VA archives were transformed into the WHO 2012 VA standard format and processed using the InterVA-4 model to assign cause of death. Routine surveillance data also provide person-time denominators for mortality rates. RESULTS: A total of 80,726 adult (over 15 years) deaths were documented over 7,423,497 person-years of observation. NCDs were attributed as the cause for 35.6% of these deaths. Slightly less than half of adult NCD deaths occurred in the 15-64 age group. Detailed results are presented by age and sex for leading causes of NCD mortality. Per-site rates of NCD mortality were significantly correlated with rates of HIV/AIDS-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS: These findings present important evidence on the distribution of NCD mortality across a wide range of African and Asian settings. This comes against a background of global concern about the burden of NCD mortality, especially among adults aged under 70, and provides an important baseline for future work. |
Cause-specific childhood mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites
Streatfield PK , Khan WA , Bhuiya A , Hanifi SM , Alam N , Ouattara M , Sanou A , Sie A , Lankoande B , Soura AB , Bonfoh B , Jaeger F , Ngoran EK , Utzinger J , Abreha L , Melaku YA , Weldearegawi B , Ansah A , Hodgson A , Oduro A , Welaga P , Gyapong M , Narh CT , Narh-Bana SA , Kant S , Misra P , Rai SK , Bauni E , Mochamah G , Ndila C , Williams TN , Hamel MJ , Ngulukyo E , Odhiambo FO , Sewe M , Beguy D , Ezeh A , Oti S , Diallo A , Douillot L , Sokhna C , Delaunay V , Collinson MA , Kabudula CW , Kahn K , Herbst K , Mossong J , Chuc NT , Bangha M , Sankoh OA , Byass P . Glob Health Action 2014 7 25363 BACKGROUND: Childhood mortality, particularly in the first 5 years of life, is a major global concern and the target of Millennium Development Goal 4. Although the majority of childhood deaths occur in Africa and Asia, these are also the regions where such deaths are least likely to be registered. The INDEPTH Network works to alleviate this problem by collating detailed individual data from defined Health and Demographic Surveillance sites. By registering deaths and carrying out verbal autopsies to determine cause of death across many such sites, using standardised methods, the Network seeks to generate population-based mortality statistics that are not otherwise available. OBJECTIVE: To present a description of cause-specific mortality rates and fractions over the first 15 years of life as documented by INDEPTH Network sites in sub-Saharan Africa and south-east Asia. DESIGN: All childhood deaths at INDEPTH sites are routinely registered and followed up with verbal autopsy (VA) interviews. For this study, VA archives were transformed into the WHO 2012 VA standard format and processed using the InterVA-4 model to assign cause of death. Routine surveillance data also provided person-time denominators for mortality rates. Cause-specific mortality rates and cause-specific mortality fractions are presented according to WHO 2012 VA cause groups for neonatal, infant, 1-4 year and 5-14 year age groups. RESULTS: A total of 28,751 childhood deaths were documented during 4,387,824 person-years over 18 sites. Infant mortality ranged from 11 to 78 per 1,000 live births, with under-5 mortality from 15 to 152 per 1,000 live births. Sites in Vietnam and Kenya accounted for the lowest and highest mortality rates reported. CONCLUSIONS: Many children continue to die from relatively preventable causes, particularly in areas with high rates of malaria and HIV/AIDS. Neonatal mortality persists at relatively high, and perhaps sometimes under-documented, rates. External causes of death are a significant childhood problem in some settings. |
Cause-specific mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites
Streatfield PK , Khan WA , Bhuiya A , Alam N , Sie A , Soura AB , Bonfoh B , Ngoran EK , Weldearegawi B , Jasseh M , Oduro A , Gyapong M , Kant S , Juvekar S , Wilopo S , Williams TN , Odhiambo FO , Beguy D , Ezeh A , Kyobutungi C , Crampin A , Delaunay V , Tollman SM , Herbst K , Chuc NT , Sankoh OA , Tanner M , Byass P . Glob Health Action 2014 7 25362 BACKGROUND: Because most deaths in Africa and Asia are not well documented, estimates of mortality are often made using scanty data. The INDEPTH Network works to alleviate this problem by collating detailed individual data from defined Health and Demographic Surveillance sites. By registering all deaths over time and carrying out verbal autopsies to determine cause of death across many such sites, using standardised methods, the Network seeks to generate population-based mortality statistics that are not otherwise available. OBJECTIVE: To build a large standardised mortality database from African and Asian sites, detailing the relevant methods, and use it to describe cause-specific mortality patterns. DESIGN: Individual demographic and verbal autopsy (VA) data from 22 INDEPTH sites were collated into a standardised database. The INDEPTH 2013 population was used for standardisation. The WHO 2012 VA standard and the InterVA-4 model were used for assigning cause of death. RESULTS: A total of 111,910 deaths occurring over 12,204,043 person-years (accumulated between 1992 and 2012) were registered across the 22 sites, and for 98,429 of these deaths (88.0%) verbal autopsies were successfully completed. There was considerable variation in all-cause mortality between sites, with most of the differences being accounted for by variations in infectious causes as a proportion of all deaths. CONCLUSIONS: This dataset documents individual deaths across Africa and Asia in a standardised way, and on an unprecedented scale. While INDEPTH sites are not constructed to constitute a representative sample, and VA may not be the ideal method of determining cause of death, nevertheless these findings represent detailed mortality patterns for parts of the world that are severely under-served in terms of measuring mortality. Further papers explore details of mortality patterns among children and specifically for NCDs, external causes, pregnancy-related mortality, malaria, and HIV/AIDS. Comparisons will also be made where possible with other findings on mortality in the same regions. Findings presented here and in accompanying papers support the need for continued work towards much wider implementation of universal civil registration of deaths by cause on a worldwide basis. |
Emergency department visits for chest pain and abdominal pain: United States, 1999-2008
Bhuiya FA , Pitts SR , McCaig LF . NCHS Data Brief 2010 (43) 1-8 KEY FINDINGS: The number of noninjury emergency department (ED) visits in which abdominal pain was the primary reason for the visit increased 31.8%. The percentage of ED visits for which chest pain was the primary reason decreased 10.0%. Use of advanced medical imaging increased strongly for ED visits related to abdominal pain (122.6%) and chest pain (367.6%). The percentage of ED visits for chest pain that resulted in a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome decreased 44.9%. |
National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2007 emergency department summary
Niska R , Bhuiya F , Xu J . Natl Health Stat Report 2010 (26) 1-31 OBJECTIVE: This report presents data on U.S. emergency department (ED) visits in 2007, with statistics on hospital, patient, and visit characteristics. METHODS: Data are from the 2007 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, which uses a national probability sample of visits to emergency departments of nonfederal general and short-stay hospitals in the United States. Sample data were weighted to produce annual national estimates. RESULTS: In 2007, there were about 117 million ED visits in the United States. About 25 percent of visits were covered by Medicaid or the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP). About one-fifth of ED visits by children younger than 15 years of age were to pediatric EDs. There were 121 ED visits for asthma per 10,000 children under 5 years of age. The leading injury-related cause of ED visits was unintentional falls. Two percent of visits resulted in admission to an observation unit. Electronic medical records were used in 62 percent of EDs. |
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