Last data update: Sep 23, 2024. (Total: 47723 publications since 2009)
Records 1-5 (of 5 Records) |
Query Trace: Batten BC [original query] |
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Phylogeography of Rickettsia rickettsii genotypes associated with fatal Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
Paddock CD , Denison AM , Lash RR , Liu L , Batten BC , Dahlgren FS , Kanamura CT , Angerami RN , Pereira Dos Santos FC , Brasil Martines R , Karpathy SE . Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014 91 (3) 589-97 Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), a tick-borne zoonosis caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, is among the deadliest of all infectious diseases. To identify the distribution of various genotypes of R. rickettsii associated with fatal RMSF, we applied molecular typing methods to samples of DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens obtained at autopsy from 103 case-patients from seven countries who died of RMSF. Complete sequences of one or more intergenic regions were amplified from tissues of 30 (29%) case-patients and revealed a distribution of genotypes consisting of four distinct clades, including the Hlp clade, regarded previously as a non-pathogenic strain of R. rickettsii. Distinct phylogeographic patterns were identified when composite case-patient and reference strain data were mapped to the state and country of origin. The phylogeography of R. rickettsii is likely determined by ecological and environmental factors that exist independently of the distribution of a particular tick vector. |
Exserohilum infections associated with contaminated steroid injections: a clinicopathologic review of 40 cases
Ritter JM , Muehlenbachs A , Blau DM , Paddock CD , Shieh WJ , Drew CP , Batten BC , Bartlett JH , Metcalfe MG , Pham CD , Lockhart SR , Patel M , Liu L , Jones TL , Greer PW , Montague JL , White E , Rollin DC , Seales C , Stewart D , Deming MV , Brandt ME , Zaki SR . Am J Pathol 2013 183 (3) 881-92 September 2012 marked the beginning of the largest reported outbreak of infections associated with epidural and intra-articular injections. Contamination of methylprednisolone acetate with the black mold, Exserohilum rostratum, was the primary cause of the outbreak, with >13,000 persons exposed to the potentially contaminated drug, 741 confirmed drug-related infections, and 55 deaths. Fatal meningitis and localized epidural, paraspinal, and peripheral joint infections occurred. Tissues from 40 laboratory-confirmed cases representing these various clinical entities were evaluated by histopathological analysis, special stains, and IHC to characterize the pathological features and investigate the pathogenesis of infection, and to evaluate methods for detection of Exserohilum in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. Fatal cases had necrosuppurative to granulomatous meningitis and vasculitis, with thrombi and abundant angioinvasive fungi, with extensive involvement of the basilar arterial circulation of the brain. IHC was a highly sensitive method for detection of fungus in FFPE tissues, demonstrating both hyphal forms and granular fungal antigens, and PCR identified Exserohilum in FFPE and fresh tissues. Our findings suggest a pathogenesis for meningitis involving fungal penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid at the injection site, with transport through cerebrospinal fluid to the basal cisterns and subsequent invasion of the basilar arteries. Further studies are needed to characterize Exserohilum and investigate the potential effects of underlying host factors and steroid administration on the pathogenesis of infection. |
A new phlebovirus associated with severe febrile illness in Missouri.
McMullan LK , Folk SM , Kelly AJ , MacNeil A , Goldsmith CS , Metcalfe MG , Batten BC , Albarino CG , Zaki SR , Rollin PE , Nicholson WL , Nichol ST . N Engl J Med 2012 367 (9) 834-41 Two men from northwestern Missouri independently presented to a medical facility with fever, fatigue, diarrhea, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia, and both had been bitten by ticks 5 to 7 days before the onset of illness. Ehrlichia chaffeensis was suspected as the causal agent but was not found on serologic analysis, polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assay, or cell culture. Electron microscopy revealed viruses consistent with members of the Bunyaviridae family. Next-generation sequencing and phylogenetic analysis identified the viruses as novel members of the phlebovirus genus. Although Koch's postulates have not been completely fulfilled, we believe that this phlebovirus, which is novel in the Americas, is the cause of this clinical syndrome. |
A large outbreak of typhoid fever associated with a high rate of intestinal perforation in Kasese District, Uganda, 2008-2009
Neil KP , Sodha SV , Lukwago L , Tipo SO , Mikoleit M , Simington SD , Mukobi P , Balinandi S , Majalija S , Ayers J , Kagirita A , Wefula E , Asiimwe F , Kweyamba V , Talkington D , Shieh WJ , Adem P , Batten BC , Zaki SR , Mintz E . Clin Infect Dis 2012 54 (8) 1091-9 BACKGROUND: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Salmonella Typhi) causes an estimated 22 million typhoid fever cases and 216,000 deaths annually worldwide. In Africa, the lack of laboratory diagnostic capacity limits the ability to recognize endemic typhoid fever and to detect outbreaks. We report a large laboratory-confirmed outbreak of typhoid fever in Uganda with a high proportion of intestinal perforations (IPs). METHODS: A suspected case of typhoid fever was defined as fever and abdominal pain in a person with either vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, headache, weakness, arthralgia, poor response to antimalarial medications, or IP. From March 4, 2009 to April 17, 2009, specimens for blood and stool cultures and serology were collected from suspected cases. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were performed on Salmonella Typhi isolates. Surgical specimens from patients with IP were examined. A community survey was conducted to characterize the extent of the outbreak. RESULTS: From December 27, 2007 to July 30, 2009, 577 cases, 289 hospitalizations, 249 IPs, and 47 deaths from typhoid fever occurred; Salmonella Typhi was isolated from 27 (33%) of 81 patients. Isolates demonstrated multiple PFGE patterns and uniform susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Surgical specimens from 30 patients were consistent with typhoid fever. Estimated typhoid fever incidence in the community survey was 8092 cases per 100,000 persons. CONCLUSIONS: This typhoid fever outbreak was detected because of an elevated number of IPs. Underreporting of milder illnesses and delayed and inadequate antimicrobial treatment contributed to the high perforation rate. Enhancing laboratory capacity for detection is critical to improving typhoid fever control. |
Severe Leptospirosis similar to pandemic (H1N1) 2009, Florida and Missouri, USA
Lo YC , Kintziger KW , Carson HJ , Patrick SL , Turabelidze G , Stanek D , Blackmore C , Lingamfelter D , Dudley MH , Shadomy SV , Shieh WJ , Drew CP , Batten BC , Zaki SR . Emerg Infect Dis 2011 17 (6) 1145-6 Leptospirosis is caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira and transmitted through direct contact of skin or mucous membranes with urine or tissues of Leptospira-infected animals or through indirect contact with contaminated freshwater or soil. Leptospirosis shares common clinical signs with influenza, including fever, headache, myalgia, and sometimes cough and gastrointestinal symptoms. During 2009, acute complicated influenza-like illness (ILI) and rapid progressive pneumonia were often attributed to pandemic (H1N1) 2009; however, alternative final diagnoses were reported to be common. We report 3 cases of severe leptospirosis in Florida and Missouri with clinical signs similar to those of pandemic (H1N1) 2009. |
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