Last data update: Jun 24, 2024. (Total: 47078 publications since 2009)
Records 1-6 (of 6 Records) |
Query Trace: Bana F [original query] |
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Continuous stakeholder engagement: Expanding the role of pharmacists in prevention of type 2 diabetes through the National Diabetes Prevention Program
Ross LW , Bana F , Blacher RJ , McDivitt J , Petty J , Beckner J , Montierth R . Prev Chronic Dis 2020 17 E41 The pharmacy sector is a key partner in the National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP), as pharmacists frequently care for patients at high risk for type 2 diabetes. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention aimed to increase pharmacist involvement in the program by leveraging partnerships with national pharmacy stakeholders. Continuous stakeholder engagement helped us to better understand the pharmacy sector and its needs. With stakeholders, we developed a guide and promotional campaign. By following a systematic process and including key stakeholders at every step of development, we successfully engaged these valuable partners in national type 2 diabetes prevention efforts. More pharmacy sites (n = 87) are now offering the National DPP lifestyle change program compared to before release of the guide (n = 27). |
Seasonal malaria vector and transmission dynamics in western Burkina Faso
Epopa PS , Collins CM , North A , Millogo AA , Benedict MQ , Tripet F , Diabate A . Malar J 2019 18 (1) 113 BACKGROUND: In the context of widespread mosquito resistance to currently available pesticides, novel, precise genetic vector control methods aimed at population suppression or trait replacement are a potentially powerful approach that could complement existing malaria elimination interventions. Such methods require knowledge of vector population composition, dynamics, behaviour and role in transmission. Here were characterized these parameters in three representative villages, Bana, Pala and Souroukoudingan, of the Sudano-Sahelian belt of Burkina Faso, a region where bed net campaigns have recently intensified. METHODS: From July 2012 to November 2015, adult mosquitoes were collected monthly using pyrethroid spray catches (PSC) and human landing catches (HLC) in each village. Larval habitat prospections assessed breeding sites abundance at each site. Mosquitoes collected by PSC were identified morphologically, and then by molecular technique to species where required, to reveal the seasonal dynamics of local vectors. Monthly entomological inoculation rates (EIR) that reflect malaria transmission dynamics were estimated by combining the HLC data with mosquito sporozoite infection rates (SIR) identified through ELISA-CSP. Finally, population and EIR fluctuations were fit to locally-collected rainfall data to highlight the strong seasonal determinants of mosquito abundance and malaria transmission in this region. RESULTS: The principal malaria vectors found were in the Anopheles gambiae complex. Mosquito abundance peaked during the rainy season, but there was variation in vector species composition between villages. Mean survey HLC and SIR were similar across villages and ranged from 18 to 48 mosquitoes/person/night and from 3.1 to 6.6% prevalence. The resulting monthly EIRs were extremely high during the rainy season (0.91-2.35 infectious bites/person/day) but decreased substantially in the dry season (0.03-0.22). Vector and malaria transmission dynamics generally tracked seasonal rainfall variations, and the highest mosquito abundances and EIRs occurred in the rainy season. However, despite low residual mosquito populations, mosquitoes infected with malaria parasites remained present in the dry season. CONCLUSION: These results highlight the important vector control challenge facing countries with high EIR despite the recent campaigns of bed net distribution. As demonstrated in these villages, malaria transmission is sustained for large parts of the year by a very high vector abundance and high sporozoite prevalence, resulting in seasonal patterns of hyper and hypo-endemicity. There is, therefore, an urgent need for additional vector control tools that can target endo and exophillic mosquito populations. |
The use of sequential mark-release-recapture experiments to estimate population size, survival and dispersal of male mosquitoes of the Anopheles gambiae complex in Bana, a west African humid savannah village
Epopa PS , Millogo AA , Collins CM , North A , Tripet F , Benedict MQ , Diabate A . Parasit Vectors 2017 10 (1) 376 ![]() BACKGROUND: Vector control is a major component of the malaria control strategy. The increasing spread of insecticide resistance has encouraged the development of new tools such as genetic control which use releases of modified male mosquitoes. The use of male mosquitoes as part of a control strategy requires an improved understanding of male mosquito biology, including the factors influencing their survival and dispersal, as well as the ability to accurately estimate the size of a target mosquito population. This study was designed to determine the seasonal variation in population size via repeated mark-release-recapture experiments and to estimate the survival and dispersal of male mosquitoes of the Anopheles gambiae complex in a small west African village. METHODS: Mark-release-recapture experiments were carried out in Bana Village over two consecutive years, during the wet and the dry seasons. For each experiment, around 5000 (3407-5273) adult male Anopheles coluzzii mosquitoes were marked using three different colour dye powders (red, blue and green) and released in three different locations in the village (centre, edge and outside). Mosquitoes were recaptured at sites spread over the village for seven consecutive days following the releases. Three different capture methods were used: clay pots, pyrethroid spray catches and swarm sampling. RESULTS: Swarm sampling was the most productive method for recapturing male mosquitoes in the field. Population size and survival were estimated by Bayesian analyses of the Fisher-Ford model, revealing an about 10-fold increase in population size estimates between the end of dry season (10,000-50,000) to the wet season (100,000-500,000). There were no detectable seasonal effects on mosquito survival, suggesting that factors other than weather may play an important role. Mosquito dispersal ranged from 40 to 549 m over the seven days of each study and was not influenced by the season, but mainly by the release location, which explained more than 44% of the variance in net dispersal distance. CONCLUSION: This study clearly shows that male-based MRR experiments can be used to estimate some parameters of wild male populations such as population size, survival, and dispersal and to estimate the spatial patterns of movement in a given locality. |
Cause-specific childhood mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites
Streatfield PK , Khan WA , Bhuiya A , Hanifi SM , Alam N , Ouattara M , Sanou A , Sie A , Lankoande B , Soura AB , Bonfoh B , Jaeger F , Ngoran EK , Utzinger J , Abreha L , Melaku YA , Weldearegawi B , Ansah A , Hodgson A , Oduro A , Welaga P , Gyapong M , Narh CT , Narh-Bana SA , Kant S , Misra P , Rai SK , Bauni E , Mochamah G , Ndila C , Williams TN , Hamel MJ , Ngulukyo E , Odhiambo FO , Sewe M , Beguy D , Ezeh A , Oti S , Diallo A , Douillot L , Sokhna C , Delaunay V , Collinson MA , Kabudula CW , Kahn K , Herbst K , Mossong J , Chuc NT , Bangha M , Sankoh OA , Byass P . Glob Health Action 2014 7 25363 BACKGROUND: Childhood mortality, particularly in the first 5 years of life, is a major global concern and the target of Millennium Development Goal 4. Although the majority of childhood deaths occur in Africa and Asia, these are also the regions where such deaths are least likely to be registered. The INDEPTH Network works to alleviate this problem by collating detailed individual data from defined Health and Demographic Surveillance sites. By registering deaths and carrying out verbal autopsies to determine cause of death across many such sites, using standardised methods, the Network seeks to generate population-based mortality statistics that are not otherwise available. OBJECTIVE: To present a description of cause-specific mortality rates and fractions over the first 15 years of life as documented by INDEPTH Network sites in sub-Saharan Africa and south-east Asia. DESIGN: All childhood deaths at INDEPTH sites are routinely registered and followed up with verbal autopsy (VA) interviews. For this study, VA archives were transformed into the WHO 2012 VA standard format and processed using the InterVA-4 model to assign cause of death. Routine surveillance data also provided person-time denominators for mortality rates. Cause-specific mortality rates and cause-specific mortality fractions are presented according to WHO 2012 VA cause groups for neonatal, infant, 1-4 year and 5-14 year age groups. RESULTS: A total of 28,751 childhood deaths were documented during 4,387,824 person-years over 18 sites. Infant mortality ranged from 11 to 78 per 1,000 live births, with under-5 mortality from 15 to 152 per 1,000 live births. Sites in Vietnam and Kenya accounted for the lowest and highest mortality rates reported. CONCLUSIONS: Many children continue to die from relatively preventable causes, particularly in areas with high rates of malaria and HIV/AIDS. Neonatal mortality persists at relatively high, and perhaps sometimes under-documented, rates. External causes of death are a significant childhood problem in some settings. |
High viral load and elevated angiogenic markers associated with increased risk of preeclampsia among women initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in pregnancy in the Mma Bana study, Botswana
Powis KM , McElrath TF , Hughes MD , Ogwu A , Souda S , Datwyler SA , von Widenfelt E , Moyo S , Nadas M , Makhema J , Machakaire E , Lockman S , Essex M , Shapiro RL . J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2013 62 (5) 517-24 BACKGROUND: Risk factors associated with preeclampsia in HIV-infected women remain largely unknown. Systemic angiogenic imbalance contributes to preeclampsia in HIV-uninfected women, but changes in angiogenic markers after HAART initiation have not been studied. METHODS: The Mma Bana study randomized 560 HIV-infected, HAART-naive pregnant women with CD4 counts ≥ 200 cells/mm between 26-34 weeks gestation to lopinavir/ritonavir/zidovudine/lamivudine or abacavir/zidovudine/lamivudine. Another 170 participants with CD4 counts < 200 cells/mm initiated nevirapine/zidovudine/lamivudine between 18-34 weeks gestation. Characteristics of 11 women who developed preeclampsia were compared with the remaining 722 Mma Bana participants who delivered, using logistic regression. Plasma samples drawn at HAART initiation and one month later from 60 women without preeclampsia and at HAART initiation for all11 preeclamptic women were assayed for placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble FMS toll-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) RESULTS: Pre-HAART viral load > 100,000 copies/ml was associated with preeclampsia (OR 5.8; 95% CI 1.8, 19.4; p = 0.004). Median pre-HAART PlGF level was lower and sFLT-1 was higher in women who developed preeclampsia versus those who did not (130 vs 992 pg/ml, p=0.001; 17.5 vs 9.4 pg/ml, p=0.03, respectively). In multivariate analysis, PlGF and viral load remained significantly associated with preeclampsia. No significant changes in angiogenic factors were noted after 1 month of HAART treatment among non-preeclamptic women. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-HAART viral load > 100,000 copies/ml and PlGF predicted preeclampsia among women starting HAART in pregnancy. Among non-preeclamptic women, HAART treatment did not significantly alter levels of PlGF or sFlt-1 on month into treatment. |
Antiretroviral use during pregnancy and risk of preterm delivery: more questions than answers
Kourtis AP , Fowler MG . J Infect Dis 2011 204 (4) 493-4 The article by Powis and colleagues in this issue of the Journal [1] is a secondary analysis from a randomized clinical trial conducted in Botswana (the Mma Bana trial) [2]. The parent trial compared the effects of a protease inhibitor (PI)–containing triple antiretroviral (ARV) regimen with those of a triple nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) regimen, both started during the third trimester of gestation, on viral load responses and mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission rates in HIV-infected women with CD4+ cell counts of >200 cells/μL. Of note, both regimens proved highly efficacious in reducing maternal viral load at delivery and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rates, and the study reported some of the lowest MTCT rates achieved in Africa [2]. In this secondary analysis, the authors compared the rates of premature delivery (defined as delivery before 37 completed weeks of gestation) between the 2 regimens. Preterm delivery rates were higher among 267 women in the PI group than those among 263 women in the NRTI group (21.4% vs 11.8%; P = .003). In fact, the PI-based regimen was the most significant risk factor associated with preterm delivery (odds ratio, 2.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.26–3.27; P = .004). Women in the PI arm had fewer increases in body mass index (BMI) 1 month after ARV initiation, but this was not significantly associated with preterm delivery. Serious infant morbidity, defined as infant hospitalizations, and infant mortality through 6 months of life did not differ by maternal regimen, probably because most preterm deliveries must have been near term (this would have been a useful piece of data to include in the article). |
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