Last data update: Jan 27, 2025. (Total: 48650 publications since 2009)
Records 1-6 (of 6 Records) |
Query Trace: Allison RD[original query] |
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Effects of decreased immunization coverage for hepatitis B virus caused by COVID-19 in World Health Organization Western Pacific and African Regions, 2020
Kabore HJ , Li X , Allison RD , Avagyan T , Mihigo R , Takashima Y , Tohme RA . Emerg Infect Dis 2022 28 (13) S217-s224 The World Health Organization-designated Western Pacific Region (WPR) and African Region (AFR) have the highest number of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted childhood immunization, threatening progress toward elimination of hepatitis B by 2030. We used a published mathematical model to estimate the number of expected and excess HBV infections and related deaths after 10% and 20% decreases in hepatitis B birth dose or third-dose hepatitis B vaccination coverage of children born in 2020 compared with prepandemic 2019 levels. Decreased vaccination coverage resulted in additional chronic HBV infections that were 36,342-395,594 in the WPR and 9,793-502,047 in the AFR; excess HBV-related deaths were 7,150-80,302 in the WPR and 1,177-67,727 in the AFR. These findings support the urgent need to sustain immunization services, implement catch-up vaccinations, and mitigate disruptions in hepatitis B vaccinations in future birth cohorts. |
Preventive medicine physicians and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 6|18 Initiative
Livingston CJ , Allison RD , Niebuhr DW , Sherin KM , Costales VC , Berenji M , Phares TM , Caplan LS , Nelkovski L , Seeff LC , Singleton CM . Am J Prev Med 2019 57 (1) 127-133 The American College of Preventive Medicine (ACPM) collaborated with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in a cooperative 5-year agreement to improve population health through primary care and public health integration. As part of the last 2 years of the cooperative agreement, the CDC's 6|18 Initiative was identified as a critical project for ACPM to promote among its membership. Information on the CDC's 6|18 Initiative is available here: www.cdc.gov/sixeighteen/index.html. | | This paper reflects work done as part of the cooperative agreement between ACPM and CDC, with the intention of informing the preventive medicine community about the CDC's 6|18 Initiative, identifying physician barriers to adoption of the initiative, and providing examples from across the country of various 6|18 interventions implemented in the physician practice or healthcare setting. The purpose of this manuscript is to highlight existing physician practices related to the 6|18 Initiative, to increase physician awareness of the 6|18 Initiative, and to identify potential opportunities for ACPM physicians to incorporate elements of this initiative into their practice settings. This manuscript does not represent a policy statement from ACPM. |
Hepatitis B vaccine birth dose coverage correlates worldwide with rates of institutional deliveries and skilled attendance at birth
Allison RD , Patel MK , Tohme RA . Vaccine 2017 35 (33) 4094-4098 BACKGROUND: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection occurs in 90% of infants infected perinatally but is prevented when a hepatitis B vaccine is given within 24h of birth (HepB-BD), followed by 2-3 additional doses. METHODS: Using Spearman's rho correlation coefficients (rho), we analyzed global and regional data to assess correlations between HepB-BD coverage, institutional delivery rates (IDR), skilled birth attendance (SBA) rates, and other potential co-variates. RESULTS: Significant correlations were observed worldwide between HepB-BD and SBA rates (rho=0.44, p<0.001), IDR (rho=0.42, p<0.001), adult literacy rate (rho=0.37, p=0.003), total health expenditure per capita (rho=0.24, p=0.03) and live births (rho=-0.27, p=0.014). HepB-BD, IDR, and SBA rates were significantly correlated in the World Health Organization African, South-East Asia and Western Pacific Regions. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing IDR and SBA rates, training and supervising staff, increasing community awareness, and using HepB-BD outside the cold chain where needed would increase HepB-BD coverage and prevent chronic infections. |
Reply to "Younger age at cancer diagnosis may be driven by age structure of the HCV population"
Allison RD , Holmberg SD . J Hepatol 2016 64 (2) 517-518 We thank Dr. Shiels and co-authors for reading and commenting on our study.1,2 | | To summarize, we compared the age-adjusted incidence and mortality of 12,126 persons with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study (CHeCS) to Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program (SEER) cancer registry data and to death certificate information from the Multiple Causes of Death (MCOD) database. We found that the incidence and mortality of many non-liver cancers were significantly higher in persons with HCV infection than in the comparison groups who approximate the US population. | | We also found that the mean age of cancer diagnosis and cancer-related death was younger for persons with HCV infection in the CHeCS. These latter analyses were not age-adjusted and the subject of the comments of Shiels et al. With regard to the younger age at cancer diagnosis among HCV-infected CHeCS patients, our Methods indicate we used the SEER13 database with exclusion of one of the 13 registries, the Alaska Natives registry. We did this to create a better comparison group for CHeCS: this “SEER12” more closely approximates the population of the other 49 states. In contrast, Shiels et al. compared our underlying population to SEER13. When we attempted to reproduce their analyses, but by comparing age of cancer diagnosis in CHeCS to SEER12, we found that the software developed to analyze data from SEER, called ‘SEER*STAT,’ (Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute SEER*Stat software (seer.cancer.gov/seerstat) version 8.2.1) appears to lack the required functionality. | | Specifically, age data can only be extracted from SEER13. There is no function to exclude a SEER registry (i.e. Alaska Natives) and then pull age data. We think this may be why Shiels et al. came to a different conclusion. | | Shiels et al. indicated a particular concern with the ≥64 year age group, the age group with the highest cancer incidence, and noted a smaller proportion of persons aged ≥64 in CHeCS (10%) versus SEER13 (19%). Using U.S. Census data corresponding to each SEER12 registry (i.e., SEER 13 excluding Alaska Natives) and for the US overall, by age group, we found the percentage of persons 64 years or older for SEER was 11.8% and for the entire U.S. population was 14.6%. We think that given the large numbers of patients involved, these close percentages may represent a statistically significant difference between CHeCS and either SEER or the US population. | | In considering the younger age of death among HCV-infected CHeCS cancer patients, it is helpful to remember that CHeCS patients have full ascertainment of their HCV infection, and analyses data from CHeCS and the MCOD show they die at a younger age compared with decedents without HCV infection.3,4 MCOD data –i.e., death certificates–only record 19% of patients who actually have HCV infection at the time of death.3 In sum, HCV-infected patients who develop cancer may indeed die at a younger age because of the contribution of both HCV infection and cancer to their morbidity and mortality. | | As a practical matter, we think that cancer screening-related guidelines should be based on all available data including ours. Given our age-adjusted findings of increased cancer-related incidence and mortality among persons with chronic HCV infection, we think that both general clinicians and specialists should be aware of these elevated risks and take preventive action, such as facilitating tobacco and alcohol cessation and curing HCV with recommended antiviral therapy. |
Hepatitis B control among children in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of the World Health Organization
Allison RD , Teleb N , Al Awaidy S , Ashmony H , Alexander JP , Patel MK . Vaccine 2016 34 (21) 2403-2409 In the pre-vaccination era, the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the World Health Organization (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) ranged from two to seven percent in a total population of over 580 million people. Mortality estimates place cirrhosis among the top ten causes of years of life lost in the EMR. The region has made notable achievements, improving coverage from only 6% in 1992, when WHO recommended hepatitis B vaccination of all infants, to 83% in 2014. Member states adopted a hepatitis B control target in 2009 to reduce chronic hepatitis B virus infection prevalence to less than one percent among children aged <5 years by 2015. This report reviews progress toward achievement, challenges faced, and the next steps forward of hepatitis B control among children in the EMR. |
Increased incidence of cancer and cancer-related mortality among persons with chronic hepatitis C infection, 2006-2010
Allison RD , Tong X , Moorman AC , Ly KN , Rupp L , Xu F , Gordon SC , Holmberg SD . J Hepatol 2015 63 (4) 822-8 BACKGROUND: Persons chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) may be at higher risk for developing and dying from non-liver cancers than the general population. METHODS: 12,126 chronic HCV-infected persons in the Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study (CHeCS) contributed 39,984 person-years of follow-up from 2006 to 2010 and were compared to 133,795,010 records from 13 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program (SEER) cancer registries, and approximately 12 million U.S. death certificates from Multiple Cause of Death (MCOD) data. Measurements included standardized rate ratios (SRR) and relative risk (RR). RESULTS: The incidence of the following cancers was significantly higher among patients with chronic HCV infection: liver (SRR, 48.6 [95% CI, 44.4-52.7]), pancreas (2.5 [1.7-3.2]), rectum (2.1 [1.3-2.8]), kidney (1.7 [1.1-2.2]), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (1.6 [1.2-2.1]), and lung (1.6 [1.3-1.9]). Age-adjusted mortality was significantly higher among patients with: liver (RR, 29.6 [95% CI, 29.1-30.1]), oral (5.2 [5.1-5.4]), rectum (2.6 [2.5-2.7]), NHL (2.3 [2.2-2.31]), and pancreatic (1.63 [1.6-1.7]) cancers. The mean ages of cancer diagnosis and cancer-related death were significantly younger among CHeCS HCV cohort patients compared to the general population for many cancers. CONCLUSIONS: Incidence and mortality of many types of non-liver cancers were higher, and age at diagnosis and death younger, in patients with chronic HCV infection compared to the general population. |
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